Arts & Crafts
An influential, late-nineteenth-century English movement that sought to re-establish the ideals of craftsmanship that were increasingly threatened by mass production. William Morris was the key exponent, designing handcrafted wallpaper, stained glass, printed textiles, carpets, tapestries, and furniture. The aesthetic and social philosophy of the movement were inseparable and had a profound effect on many architects. The style was taken up in the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Austria, and the United States, where regional variations developed. (Lubell, 2018)