English architecture created by mans (rather than architects) in the period c. 1615-75, based on Mannerist pattern-books. Such craftsmen were not trained in the theory and vocabulary of the Classicallanguage of architecture, so their creations often have a curious scale, are strangely proportioned, and frequently displayan ignorance of how elements are put together (which some commentators have found refreshing and others distressing). (Curl & Wilson, 2016)