ultramarine blue
An intense blue pigment composed of silica, alumina, sulfur, and soda; originally made in Europe from ground lapus laxuli; first synthesized in France in 1828, commercially available after 1830, common after 1850; often used to tint zinc oxide, glass, or mortar; nonfading, except when mixed with white lead; alkali resistant; name refers to the original source of lapis lazuli being across the sea, in Asia. (Bucher, 1996)