friction head
The energy loss, expressed as a height of fluid, that occurs when a fluid flows through a pipe due to resistance from the pipe walls and other components. This energy loss is caused by friction between the fluid and the pipe and other fittings, like valves and elbows, and is often calculated using formulas like the Darcy-Weisbach equation. The amount of friction head loss depends on factors such as the fluid’s velocity, pipe length and diameter, surface roughness and fluid viscosity. (Kremer, 2025)