jie jing

Isaac Kremer/ November 23, 2025/ / 0 comments

Chinese term meaning ‘borrowed views’, it refers to the inclusion of background natural landscape outside a garden or courtyard into the composition. Called shakkei in Japanese, it is used to enhance small urban gardens. (Curl & Wilson, 2016)

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About Isaac Kremer

IsaacKremer.com is the personal website of Isaac Kremer, MSARP, a nationally recognized leader in the Main Street Approach to commercial district revitalization with over 25 years of experience. Kremer, New Jersey's first certified Main Street America Revitalization Professional (MSARP), has served as founding executive director for organizations like Experience Princeton and the Metuchen Downtown Alliance, which won a Great American Main Street Award under his leadership. He recently became director of the Royal Oak Downtown Development Authority in Michigan.

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