kammara: Bedroom in the Swedish dwelling.
tvarumstuga: A three-room dwelling of Sweden, common in Mora, province of Dalecarlia.
Swedish gambrel roof: A gambrel roof where the two upper slopes are shallow.
mjolkbod: Dairy room of a Swedish dwelling.
vardastuga: The single-room log cabin of Sweden, a prototype of early Swedish buildings in America.
parstuga: Three-room dwelling of the Swedes, the long rectangular plan of which consisted of two stugas joined by a vestibule and a third chamber.
500
Kingdom of Svear created (first Swedish state)
516
Hygelac, King of the Geats, led attack on Frisia
550
Gotlanders came under Swedish protection
800
Svear conquered Gotar in southern Sweden; Birka founded on island of Bjorko
829
Christianity introduced by St. Ansgar
860
Swedish Vikings attacked Constantinople
Erik Segersäll (approx. 970 – 995)
Olof Skötkonung (approx. 995 – 1022)
1000
Svein Forkbeard, King of Denmark, and Olaf Eiriksson, King of Sweden, defeated King Olaf Tryggvason in naval Battle of Svolder; Birka destroyed; Swedes lost control of Hedeby
1022
Anund Jakob became king
Anund Jakob (approx. 1022 – 1050)
1026
Canute the Great attacked Swedes and Norwegians at Battle of Holy River; Canute victorious; controlled Scandinavia
1050
Edmund the Old became king of Sweden
Emund the Old (approx. 1050 – 1060)
1054
Sweden and Denmark set boundaries
Stenkil (approx. 1060 – 1066) Stenkil dynasty
1066
Halsten crowned king
1070
Halsten deposed; Hakon the Red became King
1150
Erik IX crowned King
1160
King Erik IX killed by Danish prince
Halsten (approx. 1067 – 1070)
Inge the Elder (approx. 1079 – 1083)
Blot-Sven (approx. 1083 – 1085)
Inge the Elder (approx. 1085 – 1110)
Filip och Inge the Younger – co-regent Kings (approx. 1110 – 1118)
Inge the Younger – sole Monarch (approx. 1118 – 1120)
Ragnvald knaphövde (middle of 1120’s)
Magnus Nilsson (approx. 1125 – 1130)
Sverker the Older (approx. 1130 – 1156) Sverker dynasty
Erik the Pious (approx. 1156 – 1160) Erik dynasty
Magnus Henriksson (approx. 1160 – 1161) Stenkil dynasty
Karl Sverkersson (approx. 1161 – 1167) Sverker dynasty
Knut Eriksson (approx. 1167 – 1195) Erik dynasty
1187
Estonian raiders sacked, burned Sigtuna
Sverker Karlsson (approx. 1195 – 1208) Sverker dynasty
1208
King Sverker overthrown at Battle of Lena
Erik Knutsson (approx. 1208 – 1216) Erik dynasty
Johan Sverkersson (approx. 1216 – 1222) Sverker dynasty
1220
Swedish fleet attacked Estonia
Erik Eriksson “the Lisp and Lame” (approx. 1222 – 1229, 1234 – 1250) Erik dynasty
1229
Folkungs deposed King Eriksson
Knut Långe (1229 – 1234) Erik dynasty
1233
King Eriksson returned to rule
Birger Jarl – Earl Marshal (1248 – 1266) Folkunga dynasty
1250
King Eriksson died; Valdemar crowned King; Birger Jarl declared regent until Valdemar became of age
Valdemar (1250 – 1275)
1251
Folkungs rose against rule of Jarl and Valdemar; lost at Herrevads Bridge
1266
King Valdemar overthrown by brothers
1275
King Valdemar deposed
Magnus Ladulås (1275 – 1290)
Birger Magnusson (1290 – 1318)
1292
Swedish expansion reached Karelian Isthmus
1318
Peasants revolted against King
Magnus Eriksson (1319 – 1364)
1323
Sweden and Russia established border
1332
Magnus Eriksson crowned King of Sweden and King of Norway
1350’s
Black Death killed one-third of population
Erik Magnusson (1356 – 1359)
Håkan Magnusson (1362 – 1364)
Albrekt the Younger of Mecklenburg (1364 – 1389)
Margareta (1389 – 1396)
Erik of Pommern (1396 – 1439)
1397
Union of Kalmar united Sweden, Denmark and Norway under one monarch
Kristoffer of Bayern (1441 – 1448)
Karl Knutsson (Bonde) (1448 – 1457, 1464 – 1465, 1467 – 1470)
1448
Karl Knutsson crowned King of Sweden and King of Norway
1450
Danish King Kristian I convinced Norway to renounce King Knutsson
1451
Danes attacked Sweden
Kristian I (1457 – 1464) Oldenburg dynasty
1465
King Knutsson forced to abdicate
1467
Knutsson again crowned King of Sweden
Sten Sture the Older – Viceroy (1470 – 1497, 1501 – 1503)
1495
Russians forces invaded Sweden
Hans (Johan II) (1497 – 1501) Oldenburg dynasty
1497
King Hans of Denmark and Norway attacked Sweden; King Hans declared King of Sweden
Svante Nilsson Sture – Viceroy (1504 – 1512)
Sten Sture the Younger – Viceroy (1512 – 1520)
Kristian II (1520 – 1521) Oldenburg dynasty
Gustav I Eriksson (Vasa, 1521 – 1523; Viceroi, 1523-1560; King)
1523
Gustav I (Gustav Vasa) crowned King; separated Swedish Crown from Kalmar Union
Erik XIV (1560 – 1568)
Johan III (1568 – 1592)
1568
King Eric XIV deposed; John III named King
1570
Peace of Stettin concluded; Denmark recognized independence of Sweden; Sweden gave up claim to Norway
Sigismund (1592 – 1599)
Karl IX (Viceroi, 1599 – 1604; King, 1604 – 1611)
Gustav II Adolf (1611 – 1632)
sateri roof: In Swedish architecture of the 17th and 18th century, a type of hipped roof with vertical breaks which were often provided with windows.
1617
Treaty of Stolbovo ended Swedish occupation of Northern Russia
1628
Swedish warship Vasa sank in Stockholm harbor; 25 drowned
1632
Swedish and Saxon army defeated Imperial forces; King Gustavus II died in battle
Kristina (1632 – 1654)
1637
Swedish immigrants sailed to Delaware
1651
Sweden seized territory of Estonia
1653
Stockholm became capital of Sweden
1654
Queen Christina abdicated throne; converted to Catholicism, later buried in Rome in St. Peters
Karl X Gustav (1654 – 1660) Pfalz dynasty
Karl XI (1660 – 1697)
1685
King Charles II barred Jews from settling in Stockholm
Karl XII (1697 – 1718)
1698
King Charles II invaded Denmark; forced Danish King to sign Peace of Travendal
1700 – 1721
Northern War occurred
Ulrika Eleonora (1719 – 1720)
Fredrik I (1720 – 1751) Hessen dynasty
1721
Peace of Nystad ended Northern War
1743
In Treaty of Abo, Sweden ceded southeast Finland to Russia
Adolf Fredrik (1751 – 1771) Holstein-Gottorpska ätten dynasty
Gustav III (1771 – 1792)
1790
Swedish army captured one-third of Russian fleet at Battle of Svensksund
Gustav IV Adolf (1792 – 1809)
1792
King Gustav III assassinated
Karl XIII (1809 – 1818)
1809
Sweden declared independence; constitutional monarchy established; Russia took Aland Island group from Sweden
1814
Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden
Karl XIV Johan (1818 – 1844) Bernadotte dynasty
1832
Gota Canal opened
Oskar I (1844 – 1859)
1852
Anti-Jewish riots broke out in Stockholm
Karl XV (1859 – 1872)
1866
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite
Oskar II (1872 – 1907)
1875
Denmark, Norway and Sweden adopted common basis of currency
1879
Labor strike by workers in timber industry occurred, several thousand refused to work
1897
World exposition held in Stockholm; first Swedish car built
1901
First Nobel Prize awarded
1905
Union of Norway and Sweden dissolved
Gustaf V (1907 – 1950)
1914
World War I began, Sweden neutral
1918
Sweden recognized Finland as independent state; Swedish naval expedition sent to Aland Islands to protect against Russians; Spanish flu epidemic killed 38,000 in Sweden
1920
Sweden joined League of Nations
1939
World War II began; Sweden neutral
1940
Sweden forced to allow German troops to cross through Sweden to Norway; Sweden became refuge for Danes and Norwegians
1941
Transit agreement with Germany cancelled
1946
Sweden joined United Nations
Gustaf VI Adolf (1950 – 1973)
1952
Sweden founding member of Nordic Council
1953
Swedish diplomat, Dag Hammarskjold, became secretary general of United Nations
1959
Sweden became founding member of European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
1971
Two-chamber parliament replaced by one chamber elected by representation
Carl XVI Gustaf (1973 – )
1975
Constitutional reforms enacted; powers of monarch removed, office became ceremonial only
1980’s
Soviet submarines suspected of invading Swedish territorial waters; relations with Soviet Union deteriorated
1986
Prime Minister Olof Palme assassinated
1990
Parliament supported governmental decision to apply for membership in European Union
1994
Voters narrowly approved EU membership
1995
Sweden joined EU
2000
Bridge and tunnel opened between Malmo, Sweden and Copenhagen, Denmark
2001
12,000 demonstrators in Goteborg set up flaming barricades to protest globalization
2003
Foreign Minister Anna Lindh assassinated in Stockholm; referendum vote rejected Euro; power outage in southern Sweden and Denmark left 4 million without electricity
Also see Architecture index.
Sources Cited
Sweden History Timeline, World Atlas