balloon frame
A structural system or framework evolved about 1830 using standardized lightweight lumber where 2-by-4 studs extended from foundation to roof. It replaced cumbersome heavy timber and braced framing and was made possible by the availability of inexpensive nails. After the Second World War it was generally replaced by the western or platform frame which was constructed one story at a time. Photo from Wikipedia. (Baker, 1994)
balloon framing, balloon-frame