skin / vault / barrel
skin / vault / fan
skin / vault / groin
skin / vault / pendentive
skin / vault / pier
skin / vault / property
skin / vault / rib
skin / vault / vault
- annular: Ringlike. An annular vault is one springing from a pair of walls that are circular in plan and have the same center.
- annular vault: A barrel vault in the shape of a ring, instead of a straight line; covers a space of which the plan is formed by the area between two concentric circles, or any portion of such a space.
- barrel: Describes a form (barrel-vault) like a half-cylinder or extruded semicircular arch with a smooth underside. A barrel-ceiling is like the underside of a true barrel-vault.
- barrel vault: A masonry vault resting on two parallel walls and having the form of a half cylinder; sometimes called tunnel vault; also, by extension, a nonstructural wooden ceiling of the same form.
- barrel-and-groin vaulting: A vault formed by two identical tunnel-shaped vaults intersecting in the middle; also called tunnel-and-groin vaulting.
- cradle vault: Same as barrel vault.
- cradle-vault: Improper term for a barrel-vault.
- cross vault: A vault formed by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults.
- cross vaulting: A vault formed by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults.
- Krschaty: Type of vault over a domed cruciform church without piers, with barrel-vaults over the arms of the cross and segments of domical vaults over the corner-cells, e.g. Church of the Conception of St. Anne in the Corner, Moscow.
- semicircular vault: A barrel vault.
- tunnel vault: Also see barrel vault.
- tunnel-and-groin vaulting: A vault formed by two identical tunnel-shaped vaults intersecting in the middle; also called barrel-and-groin vaulting.
- wagon vault: A semicylindrical vault; a barrel vault.
- wagonhead vault: A barrel vault.
- wagon-headed: Having a continuous round arched vault or ceiling, as in barrel vaulting.
- conoids: Cone shaped structures that form the fans of a fan vault.
- fan vault: A concave conical vault whose ribs, of equal length and curvature, radiate from the springing like the ribs of a fan.
- fan vaulting: A system of fan vaults.
- fan-vaulting: A form of vaulting of the Perpendicular period in which all the ribs have identical curvature resembling a fan. Most famous are the vaulting at King’s College Chapel, Cambridge, and Henry VII’s Chapel, Westminster.
- fan groining: Same as fan vaulting.
- groin: The line of intersection of two vaulted surfaces.
- groin arch: One arched division of a cross vault. 2. An arch formed by the intersection of two simple vaults. 3. A transverse arch which separates each bay in a vault.
- groin centering: In groining without ribs, the centering of timber extended during construction under the whole surface. 2. In ribbed or groined work, the centering for the stone ribs, which need support until their arches are closed, after which the supports for the filling of the spandrils are sustained by the ribs themselves.
- groin point: A groin in the strict sense given above; a mason’s term to designate the actual arris.
- groin rib: A rib under the curve of a groin either to mask the groin or to support it.
- groin vault: A curved line that forms when two vaults intersect.
- groined: The angle formed by meeting or intersection of two vaults. In the Norman era (1066 – 1300) these were left plain, but during the Gothic era these were almost invariably covered with ribs. For the Baroque architects, these were very ornate.
- groined rib: A rib under the curve of a groin, either to mask the groin or to support it.
- groined vault: A compound vault in which barrel vaults intersect, forming arrises called groins.
- groined vaulting: A compound vault in which barrel vaults intersect, forming arrises called groins.
- groining: Any system of vaulting implying the intersection, at any angle, of simple vaults.
- underpitch groin: A groin formed by an underpitch vault.
- underpitch groining: The groining and also the groined vaulting resulting from the intersection of a larger and higher vault by smaller ones. It is generally assumed that the larger and the smaller vaults spring from the same plane and have the same, or nearly the same shape; the smaller vaults will then intersect the larger one but will not reach above its haunches.
- Welsh groin: A groin formed by an underpitch vault.
skin / vault / pendentive
- conch: Quarter-spherical cupola or dome over an apse or niche. 2. Pendentive. 3. Shell motif over a niche, etc.
- panache: The triangle-like surface of a pendentive.
- parus: In early Russian architecture, a pendentive.
- surcharge: Arches, pendentives, etc., can be unstable on their own without superimposed loads. An arch, for example, requires a mass of material at the haunches for stability, and further surcharges over the haunches and arch proper help the structure to settle down.
- pilier cantonne: High Gothic form of the compound pier, with a massive central core to which are attached a ninety degree intervals four colonettes supporting the arcade, the aisle vaultings, and the responds of the nave vaults.
- pilier cantonné: Gothic pier consisting of a large central core with four attached colonnettes associated with the springing of the nave-arcade and vaults over aisle and nave.
- vaulting shaft: A pillar from which spring vaulting ribs; the pillar may rise from the floor, from the capital of a pier, or from a corbel.
- wall shaft: A colonette supported on a corbel or bracket which appears to support a rib of vaulting.
- forniciform: In the shape of a vaulted roof or ceiling.
- vault bay: An area of vaulting limited by two transverse ribs; a severy.
- vaulting cell: One compartment of a vault which is so planned that one part can be built at a time, as in ribbed vaulting.
- vaulting course: A horizontal course made up of the abutments or springers of a vaulted roof.
- vaultstone: Part below the capstone of an arch.
- arch band: The visible portion of a rib in vaulting.
- arch rib: In Romanesque architecture, a transverse rib crossing the nave or aisle at right angles to its length. 2. A principal load-bearing member of a ribbed arch.
- boss: From the Gothic era, an ornament placed at the intersection of ribs in a ceiling whether vaulted or flat. 2. A stone roughly formed and set in place for later carving.
- cross rib: Same as arch rib.
- diagonal rib: A rib crossing a bay or compartment of a vault on a diagonal.
- flying rib: An exposed structural beam over the uppermost part of a building which is not otherwise connected to the building at its highest point. A feature of H frame constructed concrete buildings and some modern skyscrapers.
- formeret: One of the ribs against the walls in a ceiling vaulted with ribs. Also called wall rib.
- intermediate rib: A rib in vaulting subordinate to the primary ribs. 2. In a sexpartite vault, the transverse rib in the middle of the bay, above the intermediate and smaller piers.
- jack rib: Any rib in a framed arch or dome shorter than the others.
- lag: In a centring composed of two or more parallel ribs, a cross piece connecting such ribs and supporting the voussoirs. Usually in the collective form lagging.
- lierne: A short rib that runs from the one main rib of a vault to another.
- lierne rib: In Gothic vaulting, any small subordinate rib which is inserted between the main ribs, more often as an ornament than for reasons of construction.
- nerve: Same as nervure.
- nervure: Any one of the ribs of a groined vault, but especially a rib which forms one of the sides of a compartment of the groining.
- ogive: In general, a pointed arch. 2. Strictly, the diagonal rib in Gothic vaults. Also called diagonal rib, groin rib.
- orb: A plain circular boss, as a decorative accent where two or more ribs (of a vault) cross. 2. The medieval name for the tracery of blank windows or stone panels.
- pendentive cradling: The curved ribs in arched and vaulted ceilings, used to carry or support the plasterwork.
- plowshare twist: Warped web of a Gothic vault framed by a diagonal rib and stilted wall-rib, occurring when the wall-ribs are sprung from a higher level than the diagonal ribs, as when accommodating clerestory lights. As the web is distorted, twisted like a ploughshare, it is also called a plowshare vault.
- rib: A relatively slender, molded masonry arch that projects from a surface. In Gothic architecture, the ribs form the framework of the vaulting.
- rib vault: The intersection of two or three barrel vaults.
- ribbed vault: A vault with arches (ribs) where the surfaces meet at an angle.
- ribbing: An assemblage or arrangement of ribs, as timberwork sustaining a vaulted ceiling.
- ribs: A relatively slender, molded masonry arch that projects from a surface. In Gothic architecture, the ribs form the framework of the vaulting.
- ridge rib: A horizontal rib marking the crown of a compartment of vaulting, characteristic of English Gothic architecture from the early 13th century on, but occasionally found on the Continent. 2. A rib which follows the ridge of a vault.
- star-ribbed vault: Same as star vault.
- surface rib: A decorative rib on the soffit of a vault.
- tas-de-charge: The point at which vault ribs begin to emerge or spring from the wall surface.
- tierceron: A decorative rib running between a structural rib and the central ridge rib.
- tiercerone: Secondary, accessory rib without support function that springs from the intersection of two other ribs.
- tiercerons: A vaulting rib starting from the intersection of two other ribs.
- transverse rib: A rib in vaulting spanning the nave, aisle, or transept at right angles to its longitudinal axis and dividing its length into bays or compartments.
- transverse ridge rib: Division of a vault.
- vaulting rib: An arch under the soffit of a vault that seems to support it.
- wall rib: In medieval vaulting, a longitudinal rib against an exterior wall of a vaulting compartment.
- webbing: The surfaces between the ribs of a vault.
- annular: Ringlike. An annular vault is one springing from a pair of walls that are circular in plan and have the same center.
- arc doubleau: In French, an arch, usually very massive, carried across a nave or other wide space, with the view of supporting a groined vault, or of merely stiffening a wagon vault, and, in some cases, of allowing for the more easy building of the centring.
- body range: Also see body vault.
- body vault: Also see body vault.
- camara: In ancient architecture, an arched roof, ceiling, or covering; a vault. 2. A room having an arched ceiling; a vaulted room. 3. A small room, small hall, or chamber. Same as camera.
- camera: In ancient architecture, an arched roof, ceiling, or covering; a vault. 2. A room having an arched ceiling; a vaulted room. 3. A small room, small hall, or chamber.
- camera vitrea: A vaulted ceiling, having its surface lined with plates of glass.
- camerated: Having an arched or vaulted appearance.
- cloister vault: A form of dome, with curved surfaces that rise from a square or polygonal plan; the intersections of the curved surfaces form groins or have ribs (example: the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, by Filippo Brunelleschi).
- cloistered arch: Also see coved vault.
- cloistered vault: Also see coved vault.
- cloister-vault: See vault; coved vault.
- compound vault: Any vault other than the simplest, e.g., a groined vault or fan vault.
- confornicatio: A vault.
- conical vault: A vault having a cross section in the form of a circular arc, which is large at one end than the other.
- corbel vault: A masonry roof constructed from opposite walls, or from a circular base, by shifting courses slightly and regularly inward until they meet. The resulting stepped surface can be smoothed or curved, but no arch action is incurred.
- corbeled vault: A masonry roof constructed from opposite walls, or from a circular base, by shifting courses slightly and regularly inward until they meet. The resulting stepped surface can be smoothed or curved, but no arch action is incurred.
- countervault: An inverted arch.
- coved arch: A vault composed of four quarter-cylindrical surfaces or coves, meeting in vertical diagonal places, the axial sections of the vault being arched, and the horizontal courses diminishing in length from spring to crown.
- coved vault: A vault composed of four quarter-cylindrical surfaces or coves, meeting in vertical diagonal places, the axial sections of the vault being arched, and the horizontal courses diminishing in length from spring to crown.
- crypta: Among the ancient Romans, any long narrow vault, whether wholly or partially below ground level; usually around the courtyard of a Roman villa or farmhouse; used to store grain, fruit, etc. 2. A long narrow gallery, at ground level, enclosed by walls on both sides and receiving its light from rows of windows in one or both of the side walls which enclose it; somewhat resembles a cloister. Structures of this type were frequently built by the ancient Romans for the convenience and pleasure of the population; sometimes built as adjuncts to great mansions or to the promenades connected with a theatre, and commonly were attached to the side of an open colonnade. 3. The stalls for horses and chariots in a circus.
- cylindrical vault: A continuous vaulted space with a semi-circular or pointed section.
- domical vault: Also see coved vault.
- double vault: A vault, usually domical, consisting of an inner shell separated from a higher outer shell.
- elliptical vault: An arch/vault whose intrados/cross-section takes the shape of a part of an ellipse.
- embow: To form in a vault or arch.
- expanding vault: A conical vault.
- fornix: In ancient Roman construction, a vaulted surface. 2. In ancient Rome, an early type of triumphal arch.
- hexapartite: Same as sexapartite, as applied to vaulting.
- hexapartite vault: Also see sexpartite vault.
- honeycomb vault: Also see honeycomb work.
- lierne vault: A vault that incorporates lierne ribs.
- lierne vaulting: Vaulting in which lierne ribs are used.
- net vault: Gothic vault in which the Lierne Ribs form a net-like pattern; see vault construction.
- oblong vault: A type of vault.
- octopartite vault: One of the vaults covering a square space, enclosed by walls, with eight oblique cells.
- pend: A vaulted roof without groining.
- pendant vault: Vault decorated with hanging stone bosses or terminals; found in late Gothic architecture: see vault construction.
- plowshare vault: Warped web of a Gothic vault framed by a diagonal rib and stilted wall-rib, occurring when the wall-ribs are sprung from a higher level than the diagonal ribs, as when accommodating clerestory lights. As the web is distorted, twisted like a ploughshare, it is also called a plowshare vault.
- pointed vault: Any vault, usually acute, with a point at its peak.
- quadripartite vault: A groined vault over a rectangular area, the area defined by ribs on each side and divided into four parts by intersecting diagonals.
- raking vault: Also see rampant vault.
- rampant vault: A continuous wagon vault, or a cradle vault, whose two abutments are located on an inclined plane, such as a vault supporting or forming the ceiling of a stairway.
- rear vault: A small vault over the space between the tracery or glass of a window and the inner face of the wall. 2. An arriere-voussure.
- rere vault: Internal arch or vault (called arrière voussure or scoinson arch) at the head of a splayed Gothic aperture springing from the jambs, corbels, or attached shafts (escoinsons) at the angles of jambs and interior walls.
- sail-vault: See dome; vault.
- sectroid: A twisted surface which is between the groins of a vault.
- segmental vault: A vault whose intrados/cross-section takes the shape of a part of a circle, typically less than a semicircle.
- severy: A bay between two transverse arches in a vaulted structure.
- sexapartite: Same as sexapartite, as applied to vaulting.
- sexpartite: Descriptive of the six-part groined vault.
- sexpartite vault: A ribbed vault whose lateral triangles are bisected by an intermediate transverse rib producing six triangles within a bay.
- simple vault: A vault which has a smooth continuous intrados; has no cross arches or ribs.
- spherical vault: A dome shaped like a half globe.
- springing line: The imaginary horizontal line at which an arch or vault begins to curve; the line in which the springers rest on the imposts.
- star vault: Also see stellar vault.
- stellar vault: See star vault.
- stilted vault: An arch whose curve begins above the level of the imposts.
- transverse arch: The arched construction built across a hall, the nave of a church, or the like, either as part of the vaulting or to support or stiffen the roof.
- transverse ridge: Division of a vault.
- tripartite vault: A vault, covering a triangular space, which is formed by the intersection of three barrel vaults or three expanding vaults; especially common in Romanesque buildings.
- tunnel-vault: See vault.
- underpitch vault: Also see Welsh vault.
- vaulsura: A Latin term for vault.
- vault: A stone, brick, or concrete roof built on the arch principle, or an imitation of such in wood or plaster.
- vaulted: Constructed as a vault. 2. Covered or closed by a vault.
- vaulting: Vaulted work. 2. Vaults, collectively.
- voussure: Vault.
- waggon vault: A continuous vaulted space with a semi-circular or pointed section.
- Welsh vault: See underpitch vault.
Also see Architecture index.