skin / roof / covering
skin / roof / drainage
skin / roof / frame
skin / roof / roof
skin / roof / structure

skin / roof / covering

• healing: The outermost layer of the roof of a building.
• heil: Also see hiling.
• hiling: The covering or roof of a building.
• hilling: The covering or roof of a building.
• hylying: Same as hilling.
• roof covering: The protective, and sometimes decorative, covering that forms the exposed surface of a roof…
• roof weights: A pole or stone used to hold down roof materials, especially of sod or earth.
• roofing: The materials of which a roof is composed; the art of constructing a roof.
• roofing material: The material used to cover a roof.
• tectorial: Covering, forming a roof-like structure.
• asphalt prepared roofing: Also see prepared roofing.
• asphalt roofing: Roofing cover made of bitumen felt or mastic asphalt.
• base sheet: A felt impregnated with asphalt or coal tar for use as the first ply in the laying of a built-up roof.
• cap sheet: A sheet of coated, mineral-surfaced felt, used as the top ply in a built-up roof.
• sheeting roof: Asphalt roofing.
• builtup roofing: An outer covering of a comparatively flat roof, consisting of several layers of impregnated felt, each layer mopped with hot tar or asphalt as laid, and the top layer finished with a protective covering of slag or fine gravel.
• built-up roofing: A roof covering made up of layers of saturated felt, cloth, or paper; each layer is coated with a tar-like substance (e.g., asphalt, pine pitch, tar, coal tar, etc.); the roof is usually finished off with a coat of sand or gravel. Built-up roofing is usually restricted to buildings with low-pitched or flat roofs.
• cold-process roofing: A roofing material made of asphalt-saturated felt covered by a layer of harder asphalt mixed with asbestos, mineral powder, glass fiber, or other materials; the surface exposed to the weather is often covered with mineral granules of various colors; comes in rolls.
• cold-process rolling: A roof covering consisting of layers of roofing felt or synthetic fabric bonded and sealed with a cold application of an asphalt mastic or cement.
• composition roofing: Also see built-up roofing, felt and gravel roofing, membrane roofing, gravel roofing.
• copper roofing: A roof covering of copper sheets, joined by standing seams.
• hiwada-buki: A roof of a Japanese building covered with many layers of thin, precisely cut shingles of cypress bark.
• roof decking: The covering material that is attached to the roof rafters to receive the finish, weatherproof roofing material.
• elastomeric roofing: A sheet of elastomeric material, as neoprene, EPDM, or PVC, having seams fused by heat or a solvent, fixed to a roof deck with adhesive, mechanical fasteners, or by the weight of a gravel ballast. Also called elastomeric roofing.
• single-ply roofing: A sheet of elastomeric material, as neoprene, EPDM, or PVC, having seams fused by heat or a solvent, fixed to a roof deck with adhesive, mechanical fasteners, or by the weight of a gravel ballast. Also called elastomeric roofing.
• felt and gravel roofing: Also see built-up roofing.
• roofing felt: A matted, fibrous material impregnated with a bituminous material for increased toughness and resistance to weather. Also called roofing paper.
• fiberglass shingle: A composition shingle having an inorganic fiberglass base, saturated with asphalt and surfaced on the weather side with colored ceramic granules.
• eaves flashing: An additional layer of underlayment cemented to a roof deck to prevent melting ice and snow from backing up under the roofing along the eaves.
• flash: To make a joint weathertight, usually with sheet copper but also with composition flashing, such as the joint between a chimney and a roof, or the joint between wall and windowhead. The noun is flashing.
• flashing: Pieces of sheet metal or other thin, impervious material installed to prevent the passage of water into a structure from an angle or joint.
• head flashing: The flashing over a window opening or a projection in a masonry wall.
• hip flashing: A roof finish along its edge to prevent water leaking through.
• metal roll flashing: Pieces of sheet metal installed to prevent the passage of water into a structure from an angle or joint.
• soaker: In Great Britain, a piece of metal used in flashing, each piece being of the size of one of the slates or tiles of the roofing, and the soaker being laid with the slates or tiles in their courses. In the U.S., called step flashing.
• through-wall flashing: Flashing that extends from one side of a wall to the other.
• valley flashing: A roof finish in its groove to prevent water from leaking through.
• gravel roofing: A roof covering made up of layers of saturated felt, cloth or paper; each layer is coated with a tar-life substance; the roof is usually finished off with a coat of sand or gravel.
• wear course: A layer of gravel serving to protect roofing membrane from mechanical abrasion and uplifting wind forces.
• structural insulating roof deck: A cementitious insulating board of lightweight aggregate or wood fibers bonded under pressure with portland cement, having a factory-finished underside for use on roofs with exposed beams.
• leads: In British usage, lead roofing; a roof or roofs covered with lead. Used collectively, especially of flat roofs and decks.
• membrane roofing: A roof covering made up of layers of saturated felt, cloth, or paper; each layer is coated with a tar-like substance. Built-up roofing is usually restricted to buildings with low-pitched or flat roofs.
• metal roof: A tin plate, terne plate, or galvanized sheet metal laid in strips and seamed.
• metal roofing: Metal roofing made of sheet metal.
• overcloak: The part of a sheet of metal roofing that laps over a sheet beneath it at a drip or seam.
• sheet iron roofing: Metal roofing made of sheet iron.
• sheet metal roofing: Metal roofing made of sheet metal.
• terne: Also see terne plate.
• terne-plate: A seamed metal roof made of thin sheets of iron or steel coated with zinc.
• roofing paper: A matted, fibrous material impregnated with a bituminous material for increased toughness and resistance to weather.
• prepared roofing: Also see prepared roofing.
• prepared roofing : A roofing material made of asphalt-saturated felt covered by a layer of harder asphalt mixed with asbestos, mineral powder, glass fiber, or other materials; the surface exposed to the weather is often covered with mineral granules of various colors; comes in rolls.
• protected membrane roof: A single-ply roofing membrane protected from sunlight and extremes of temperature by a layer of rigid board insulation and an additional layer of gravel ballast.
• ready roofing: A roofing material made of asphalt-saturated felt covered by a layer of harder asphalt mixed with asbestos, mineral powder, glass fiber, or other materials; the surface exposed to the weather is often covered with mineral granules of various colors; comes in rolls.
• roll roofing: Composition sheet roofing which is laid and overlapped from a roll of the material.
• rolled roofing: A roofing material made of asphalt-saturated felt covered by a layer of harder asphalt mixed with asbestos, mineral powder, glass fiber, or other materials; the surface exposed to the weather is often covered with mineral granules of various colors; comes in rolls.
• rolled strip roofing: A roofing material made of asphalt-saturated felt covered by a layer of harder asphalt mixed with asbestos, mineral powder, glass fiber, or other materials; the surface exposed to the weather is often covered with mineral granules of various colors; comes in rolls.
• selvage: The edge of a sheet of roll roofing that is free of granules and most of the asphalt coating so as to provide a better bond with the lap of the next sheet.
• scandularis: Descriptive of an ancient roof covered with shingles.
• shingle roof: Whether natural or man-made, cover most vernacular roofs. Most are wedge-shaped and nailed in overlapping courses.
• shingle-roofed: Roofed with shingles.
• slag roofing: A plastic material made by mixing coal tar, asphalt, or a similar material with finely divided slag and sometimes other hard material. This, when properly applied, serves well for roofs of very low pitch.
• slate roof: Composed of pieces of slate sawn or split into geometric shapes and nailed to sheathing boards or decking. Slate comes in colors and is laid in rows to make patterns.
• drop-point slating: See diagonal slating.
• spaced slating: Also see spaced slating.
• brotch: A thin piece of a tree branch which is bent in a U-shape; used for fastening thatch on roofs; also called a buckle or spar.
• heather roofing: A variety of thatch.
• kaya-buki: On a Japanese structure, a roof thatched with grass called kaya.
• rolled roof: A stylized roof in which the roofing material has been bent and laid so that it curves over the roof boards and around the eaves and fascia. The roof simulates a thatch roof and is especially appropriate for one-story cottages in the English country mode.
• sway: In thatched roof construction, one of the small willow or hazelwood rods laid at right angles to the thatching to hold it down.
• thackstane: Stone used for covering roofs instead of slate or tile. 2. Stone projecting from a chimney-stack covering the upper edge of thatch.
• thatch: A material for covering a roof, as straw, rushes, or palm leaves, fastened together so as to shed water and sometimes to provide thermal insulation.
• thatch roof: A roof covering of rushes, straw, or similar plant material fastened together to shed water.
• thatched roof: A roof covering of rushes, straw, or similar plant material fastened together to shed water.
• thatching: A material for covering a roof, as straw, rushes, or palm leaves, fastened together so as to shed water and sometimes to provide thermal insulation.
• yelm: Straight bundle of reeds or straw for thatch.
• clay tile roof: Burnt clay tiles are the oldest and most widely used roofing material in American vernacular design; red seems to have been the most popular color.
• pan-and-roll roofing tile: Single-lap roofing tile of two types used in combination: a flat, tapered undertile having flanges, and a half-rounded tapered overtile.
• pen-and-roll: Tile roof composed of repeated patterns formed by two adjacent flat tiles with upturned flanges on each side, the joint covered by tapering semicircular-profiled tiles fitting neatly over the upstanding flanges.
• tile roof: A roof covered with tiles that are usually hollow and half-cylindrical in shape, and made out of clay. Tile roofs are common in many parts of the world, including the Mediterranean and the Southwestern United States.
• wa : A tile roof in traditional Chinese architecture.

skin / roof / drainage

• compluvium: The aperture in the center of the roof of the atrium in a Roman house, sloping inward to discharge rainwater into a cistern or tank.
• drainspout: A vertical pipe for conveying rainwater down from a roof or gutter to the ground.
• eaves channel: A channel or small gutter along the top of a wall; conveys the roof drippings to spouts or gargoyles.
• roof drain: A drain designed to receive water collecting on the surface of a roof and to discharge it into a leader or a downspout.
• spike-and-ferrule: A long-nail-and-formed-metal sleeve for fastening a gutter to the eaves of a roof.
• tab: Ear, or means of securing a rainwater-pipe to a wall.
• arcae: In ancient Roman architecture, the gutters of the cavaedium.
• arris gutter: A gutter or eaves trough of V-shaped section, and hence showing an arris underneath.
• back gutter: A gutter installed on the uphill side of a chimney on a sloping roof; used to divert water around the chimney.
• box gutter: A gutter built into the slope of a roof, above the cornice.
• boxed gutter: A roof gutter sunk behind the eaves so as to be concealed.
• canal: Channel, gutter, or pipe to convey liquid, usually water. 2. Long, narrow, artificially created water-course for the ornamentation of a park, or for inland navigation. 3. Flute in the shaft of a column or pilaster. 4. Spiral channel (canalis) flanked by small convex moldings from the eye following the revolutions of the volute, and carrying over to the other volute between the abacus and echinus of the Ionic capital.
• colliciae: Gutters, made with concave tiles, placed under the eaves of an ancient Roman house for the purpose of carrying away the rainwater and conducting it into the impluvium. Also see colliquiae.
• colliquiae: Gutters, made with concave tiles, placed under the eaves of an ancient Roman house for the purpose of carrying away the rainwater and conducting it into the impluvium. Also see colliciae.
• eaves gutter: See gutter.
• fillet gutter: A narrow gutter on the slope of a roof against a chimney or the like.
• gutter: Catch rain water and melting snow and convey them via downspouts to the ground.
• gutter board: A board, or, in recent times an iron slab, to bridge over a gutter, as along a curb, so as to form an easy slope for the passage of vehicles from the roadway upon the sidewalk or into a building.
• gutter hanger: A metal strap or bracket for supporting and securing a gutter.
• gutter hook: A light iron hook or strap used to hold in place the upper edges of a metal gutter; or perhaps to support the gutter.
• gutter member: The exterior or front of a roof gutter when considered as a member of the external architecture, as the topmost molding of a cornice or a member crowning the cornice…
• gutter plank: Same as gutter board.
• gutter spout: A water spout leading from a roof gutter, either as a gargoyle or in the way of a pipe led to the ground or to another roof.
• guttering: A channel along the edge of a roof to drain away water.
• gutters: Catch rain water and melting snow and convey them via downspouts to the ground.
• hanging gutter: A metal gutter, typically of simple profile, hung from the eaves of a roof by a metal tie or other hanging device.
• imbrex supinus: A gutter formed by a series of ridge tiles fitted into one another and laid on their backs.
• ogee gutter: A gutter with a profile in the shape of an ogee. Also see hanging gutter.
• parapet gutter: A gutter which is constructed behind a parapet wall.
• roof gutter: See gutter.
• strainer: A globe of wire mesh inserted in a gutter at the top of a downspout to prevent clogging with leaves and other debris. 2. A pierced plate at top of a sink outlet.
• trough-gutter: Rectangular-sectioned timber gutter. 2. Deep, wide gutter in the middle of an M-sectioned roof.
• canale: A metal lined water spout that is carved into a vega (rounded roof beam); found in pueblo style architecture of the Southwest.
• canales: A metal lined water spout that is carved into a vega (rounded roof beam); found in pueblo style architecture of the Southwest.
• downcomer: A downspout. 2. Any pipe in which the flow is substantially vertical.
• downcorner: A vertical pipe for draining water from a roof.
• downpipe: A vertical pipe for draining water from a roof.
• downspout: Discharge water away from the building at ground level or into drainpipes connected to storm sewers.
• fall-pipe: Same as downspout.
• hopper head: A rain-water head.
• hopper-head: See rainwater-head.
• leader: Rain leader, a downspout. 2. A short line leading the eye from a note or dimension to a reference point, line, or area. 3. A duct for conveying warm air from a furnace to a stack or branch duct. Also called main, trunk.
• leader head: The boxlike head of a downspout connected to a scupper or gutter.
• rain conductor: Downspout, leader, or pipe to conduct rainwater from a gutter or rainwater-head.
• rain leader: Also see downspout.
• rain-conductor: Downspout, leader, or pipe to conduct rainwater from a gutter or rainwater-head.
• rainspout: A pipe projecting through an upper wall and designed to lead water off the roof of an adobe house. Also used with a gutter system in frame houses.
• rainwater head: The enlargement near the top of a downspout sometimes treated decoratively.
• rainwater pipe: A downspout.
• splash block: A block with a central indentation placed below a downspout to carry water away from the building.
• spout: A short channel or tube used to spill storm water from gutters, balconies, exterior galleries, etc., so that the water will fall clear of the building.
• square shoot: A wood downspout.
• water conductor system: A system of gutters and downspouts to direct water from the roof and away from the house.
• waterspout: A spout, pipe, or duct for the conveyance of water from a roof gutter to the ground or to a cistern.

skin / roof / frame

• alfarje: In Islamic architecture, the timber framework which supports the roof; often decorated with moldings carved in geometrical patterns. Also see laceria.
• base cruck: A type of cruck used as a roof support.
• carcass roofing: The naked framework of a roof, without its sheathing or roof covering.
• joggle post: A post made of two or more pieces of timber joggled together. 2. A king post having shoulders or notches at its lower end to support the feet of struts.
• layer board: A board along the lower edge of a sloping roof next to the gutter.
• lear board: A board along the lower edge of a sloping roof next to the gutter.
• materiato: A collective term including all timberwork employed in ancient Roman roof construction.
• middle post: Same as king post.
• outlooker: A member which projects and supports that part of a roof construction beyond the face of a gable.
• roof framing: The act, process or manner of constructing the structural frame of a roof.
• tension ring: A circular device that controls the pull or strain of a circular roof structure.
• tigna: Tie beam of a timber roof.
• transtra: Horizontal roof timbers.
• verge: The extension of the roof past the gable end.
• ambrices: In ancient Roman construction, the cross laths inserted between the rafter and tiles of a roof.
• bargeboard: A board, often ornately carved, attached to the projecting edges of a gabled roof; sometimes referred to as vergeboard.
• bargecouple: One of the pair of rafters which carry that part of a gable roof which projects beyond the gable wall. These rafters must be carried by projecting horizontal timbers, and these timbers may be the roof plates, the ridgepole, and the purlines, or they may be separate pieces projecting horizontally and supported from beneath by brackets. The two rafters of the couple-close may be chamfered, carved, or the like, as is often done in German wooden buildings, or they may be concealed by the bargeboards.
• gable post: A short post located at the peak of a gable into which the bargeboards are fixed.
• gableboard: A bargeboard.
• podzor: In early Russian architecture, a carved bargeboard. 2. A decorative band of ironwork on a masonry building.
• vergeboard: The original name for bargeboard, vergeboard was used in early English wood construction. Now it is term for the decorative wooden edging on Gothic Revival and Victorian houses.
• vergeboards: The original name for bargeboard, vergeboard was used in early English wood construction. Now it is term for the decorative wooden edging on Gothic Revival and Victorian houses.
• open boarding: Roofing boards laid some distance apart to provide ventilation for wood shingles and shakes.
• cricket: A small structure behind a chimney stack that is designed to direct water away from the chimney.
• full cruck: A type of roof support.
• middle cruck: A type of roof support.
• raised cruck: A type of roof support.
• upper cruck: A type of roof support.
• bird’s mouth: A V-shaped cut at the end of a structural member; typically found where a rafter meets the top sill of a wall.
• bird’s-mouth: A right-angled notch cut on the underside of a rafter to fit over a longitudinal member, as a wall plate.
• plate cut: A horizontal cut at the lower end of a rafter that allows it to rest on and be connected to a wall plate. Also called foot cut, plate cut.
• seat cut: A horizontal cut at the lower end of a rafter that allows it to rest on and be connected to a wall plate. Also called foot cut, plate cut.
• belcast eaves: A curve in the slope of a roof at the eaves; used not only because of its aesthetic appeal, but also because it protects the exterior walls from rainwater running off the roof.
• boxed eave: Also see boxed eave.
• boxed eaves: Also see boxed eave.
• closed eaves: Eaves in which projecting roof members are not visible, being closed from view by boarding.
• cocking piece: In roofing, a strip of wood, fixed to the upper side of rafters at the eaves raises the edge of the eaves and forms a break in the roof line. See sprocket.
• cocking-piece: See sprocket.
• drip edge: A metal molding placed along the eaves and rakes of a sloping roof to allow rainwater to drip free.
• dripping eaves: Sloping eaves which project beyond a wall and are not provided with a gutter so that water on the roof falls directly to the ground.
• eave: The projecting overhang at the lower edge of a roof.
• eave trough: A channel of wood or metal running along the eaves of a house; used for catching and carrying off rainwater and water from melting snow.
• eaves: The lower edge of a sloping roof; that part of a building which projects beyond the wall.
• eaves board: Also see eaves catch.
• eaves catch: Also see eaves catch.
• eaves fascia: A flat board used to cover the ends of roof rafters.
• flared eave: A dormer where the rafters are flared to carry the roof beyond the edge of the wall.
• hisashi: The eaves area, usually one ken in width which runs parallel to one or more sides of corridors of a traditional Japanese wooden building.
• kick: Slight flair or of slope at the edge of an eave to direct water away from building.
• open eaves: An eaves overhanging exposing the ends of rafters and the underside of the roof sheathing.
• overhanging eave: An eave where rafters extend the roof beyond the edge of the wall.
• pent eave: An additional narrow shed roof running the length of the eaves at the level of the second floor on the front only. Less commonly, it was built also on the rear, the gable ends, or on all four facades. Typical of Pennsylvania farmhouses from the 18th century on.
• return eaves: A molding, which extends from eaves and continues around the corner of the house to simulate a partial pediment
• splocket: Also see sprocket.
• sprocked eaves: The eaves of a roof which have been raised by sprockets.
• stillicidium: In Doric buildings, dripping eaves in which the roof terminates.
• facia: See fascia.
• fascia: A plain horizontal band. A common form of architrave consists of two or three fasciae each slightly oversailing the one below and perhaps separated from it by a narrow molding. 2. Any broad, flat, horizontal surface, as the outer edge of a cornice or roof.
• fascia board: A flat board used to cover the ends of roof rafters.
• hip jack: A short rafter in which one end terminates at the hip of a roof.
• valley jack: A short rafter in which on end termins on the valley of a roof.
• roof lip: The lowermost portion of a roof.
• overhang: The projection of one story beyond the one below. Also, the part of the roof that extends beyond the wall plane.
• overshoot: The wide overhang of roof above first-story windows, as in the Dutch Colonial style. 2. The overhang of second story on the south side of a Pennsylvania barn.
• acuminated: Finished in a point, as a lofty Gothic roof.
• épi: A topmost point, as a spire.
• peak: The highest point of a roof, a gable, or any other architectural element.
• dragon piece: Same as dragging piece.
• joggle piece: A king post having notches or raised areas for receiving and supporting the feet of inclined struts.
• span piece: A horizontal cross brace or collar beam.
• pitch: The rate at which a roof or other surface slopes, usually given in degrees or expressed as a ratio of vertical to horizontal. 2. The crosswise number of tuft-forming pile yarns in a 27-inch (686 mm) width of woven carpet. 3. The resinous sap that exudes from various conifers. 4. The distance between two corresponding points on adjacent threads of a screw, nut, or bolt. 5. The predominant frequency of a sound as perceived by the human ear.
• rake: The slope or pitch of the gable end of a roof or rafter. 2. A board or molding placed along the sloping sides of a gable to cover the ends of the siding.
• slope of a roof: See pitch.
• pole plate: A horizontal timber resting on the ends of the tie beams of a roof; supports the lower ends of the common rafters, directly above the wall; raises the rafters above the top plate of the wall.
• terne plate: A seamed metal roof made of thin sheets of iron or steel coated with zinc.
• king-pendant: Vertical timber in a truss between the ridge and projecting below the lowest transverse member.
• ch’uan tzu: In traditional Chinese construction, a purlin on the exterior portion of the roof, projecting from a gable.
• heng: A purlin within an enclosed roof.
• lin tzu: In traditional Chinese construction, a purlin which is round in section; also see fang. Similar to keta in Japanese construction.
• purlin: Horizontal members in the roof frame that run on the top of, or between, rafters.
• roof purlin: Same as purlin.
• subpurlin: A light structural member for carrying roofing materials, supported by and running at right angles to purlins.
• templa: Purlins of a temple roof.
• beveled wood ridge: A wood strip that covers the ridge pole; commonly found on wood-shaked roofs.
• Boston lap: A method of finishing the ridge of a shingled roof with a shingle course having overlapping vertical joints.
• Boston ridge: Shingles saddled over the ridge, intersecting with the courses of shingles from both sides of the roof.
• columen: In ancient Roman construction, the ridgeboard of a roof.
• crest: The ornamental work forming the top of a screen or wall, or the decorative railing running along the ridge of a roof; oftentimes perforated as well as decorated. A crest differs from a ridgecap in that the former is employed as a decorative device, the latter as a means of covering the ridge of a roof.
• cresting: An ornamental ridging at the top of a wall or the peak of a roof.
• culmen: In ancient Roman construction, the ridgeboard of a roof.
• first piece: Locally, in Lancashire, England, the ridgepiece of a roof.
• imperial roof decoration: A row of small figures along the unions of the roofs of Chinese official buildings.
• mune: In traditional Chinese architecture, the ridge of a roof.
• pien: The ridge of a roof. 2. An arris; a salient angle.
• piend: The ridge of a roof. 2. An arris; a salient angle.
• ridge: The horizontal line formed by the juncture of two sloping roof planes.
• ridge and furrow tiling: See pan tile, under tile.
• ridge batten: Same as ridge roll.
• ridge board: Part of a wooden house structure.
• ridge cap: A wood, metal, or shingle covering that caps the ridge of a roof.
• ridge capping: A wood, metal, or shingle covering that caps the ridge of a roof.
• ridge covering: Also see ridgecap.
• ridge crest: The ornamentation of the ridge of a roof.
• ridge piece: Also see ridge pole.
• ridge roll: A wood strip, rounded on top, which is used to finish the ridge of a roof; often covered with lead sheeting. 2. A metal or tile covering which caps the ridge of a roof; also called a hip roll.
• ridge row lap: A method of finishing the joint (or hip) of a shingled, slated, or tiled roof through the use of two rows of overlapping shingles or flat tiles.
• ridge spike: A finial at the end of a ridge crest, made of the same material as the crest.
• ridgeboard: A decorative board standing on edge, along the ridge of a roof.
• ridgecap: Any covering (such as metal, wood, shingle, etc.) used to cover the ridge of a roof.
• ridgepiece: A decorative board standing on edge, along the ridge of a roof.
• ridgeplate: A decorative board standing on edge, along the ridge of a roof.
• ridgeroll: Also see hip roll.
• ridging: The covering of the ridge of a roof.
• roll: A nearly cylindrical member, comparatively small; especially a rounded strip of wood fastened to and continuous with a ridge or hip of a roof; a false ridge pole…
• roof comb: Also see roof crest.
• roof crest: An ornamental ridging at the top of a wall or the peak of a roof.
• roof ridge: The horizontal line at the junction of the top edges of two roof surfaces.
• roof tree: Same as ridge piece – pole. Sometimes used figuratively, referring to the whole roof as a shelter.
• roofline: The part of a building that rises above the building’s eaves. Rooflines can be highly decorative, with balustrades, pediments, statuary, dormer windows, cross gables, etc.
• rooftree: The ridgeboard of a roof.
• round ridge: The ridge of a roof, finished with a rounded surface.
• sedge: A plant which grows in dense tufts in marshy places; used to form a ridge on a thatched roof.
• shingle ridge finish: A method of finishing the joint (or hip) of a shingled, slated, or tiled roof through the use of two rows of overlapping shingles or flat tiles.
• testudinate: Having a ridge roof.
• top cut: A plumb cut at the upper end of a rafter where it butts against a ridgeboard.
• queen rod: A metal rod which serves as a queen post.
• skip sheathing: Roofing boards laid some distance apart to provide ventilation for wood shingles and shakes.
• spaced sheathing: Roofing boards laid some distance apart to provide ventilation for wood shingles and shakes. Also called open boarding, skip sheathing.
• gable shoulder: Projecting brickwork or masonry which supports the foot of a gable.
• gable-shoulder: See gable.
• displuviate: Having roofs sloping downward toward the compluvium.
• rake board: The slope or pitch of the gable end of a roof or rafter.
• sprocket: A strip of wood fixed to each rafter at the eaves in order to extend a sloping roof with a flatter pitch.
• gravel stop: A metal strip with a vertical flange for retaining surfacing aggregate and preventing leaks around the edge of a built-up roof.
• balk-tie: A balk, which joins the wall posts of a timber roof, preventing the walls from spreading.
• baulk-tie: A balk, which joins the wall posts of a timber roof, preventing the walls from spreading.
• dragon tie: An angle brace which supports one end of a dragon beam.
• king rod: A vertical tie rod serving the purpose of a king-post.
• main tie: In a roof truss, a member which connects the feet of the rafters.
• roof tie: A collar beam. 2. A tie beam.
• eaves trough: A channel of metal or wood at the eaves or on the roof of a building, for carrying off rainwater.
• closed valley: A valley formed by overlapping successive courses of shingles in alternate directions. Also called laced valley, woven valley.
• laced valley: Valley formed of tiles or slates without a valley gutter where two sloping roofs meet at an angle.
• open valley: A roof valley where the shingles of the intersecting slopes leave open a space covered by metal flashing.
• roof valley: The line where two sections of a roof at different angles to one another meet.
• valley: The depressed angle formed at the meeting point of two roof slopes.
• woven valley: A valley formed by overlapping successive courses of shingles in alternate directions.

skin / roof / roof

• cleithral: In early Greek architecture, having a roof that forms a complete covering; said of certain temples, as distinguished from hypaethral.
• clithral: In early Greek architecture, having a roof that forms a complete covering; said of certain temples, as distinguished from hypaethral.
• coopertorium: Late Latin term for roof.
• roof: The external upper covering of a building, including the frame for supporting the roofing.
• roof styles: The external upper covering of a building, including the frame for supporting the roofing. Some varieties include barrel, bell, candle-snuffer, conical, cupola, Dutch gable, flat, gable, gambrel, hexagonal, hipped, Mansard, onion, pyramidal/pavilion, shed, spire, and tent.
• roofing bond: A guarantee by a surety company that a roofing manufacturer will repair a roof membrane or covering under the conditions listed in the bonding contract.
• roofs: Gabled; roof sloping downward in two parts from a central ridge; the gable is the part of an outside wall in the shape of a triangle between the sloping roofs; gambrel; a ridged roof with two different slopes on each side of the ridge, the lower slope having a steeper pitch (sometimes called a Dutch roof); hipped; a roof with four uniformly pitched or sloping sides; mansard; two slopes on each of its four sides; one part very steep and curved, often with dormers.
• tectiform: Like a roof in form or use.
• wu ting: In traditional Chinese architecture, a roof.
• yane: In traditional Japanese architecture, a roof.
• A-frame: A roof shape with a very steep pitch forming a gable or “A” shape. 2. A building constructed with a steep triangular frame resting directly on a foundation.
• antevanna: In ancient Roman construction, a boarded roof projecting over a window or opening.
• auvanna: In ancient Roman construction, a boarded roof projecting over a window or opening. Same as antevanna.
• testudo: In ancient Roman construction, an arched or vaulted roof (usually a light vault of wood covered with mortar or cement); used in large houses having no opening (compluvium) in the center and in Roman baths.
• awning: A rooflike cover of canvas or other material extending in front of a doorway or window or over a deck to provide protection from the sun or rain.
• markee: A tent or temporary awning, especially in Great Britain; apparently a mispronunciation of marquise.
• arched barrel roof: Also see barrel vault.
• barrel roof: Like a covered wagon, or inverted ship; barrel vault is a plain vault of uniform cross-section.
• barrel shell roof: Like a covered wagon, or inverted ship; barrel vault is a plain vault of uniform cross-section.
• bell gable: A substitute support and shelter for a church bell, common in Early English Gothic, usually topping the gable of the west end.
• bell roof: Has a cross section shaped like a bell, which means that the roof is concave at the bottom and convex at the top.
• bellcast: An eave or roof that flares out and is bell-shaped.
• bell-cast: A roof with a curved bell shape, flaring outwards and sloping more gently at the bottom.
• bell-cast roof: A roof with a curved bell shape, flaring outwards and sloping more gently at the bottom.
• bell-shaped: Has a cross section shaped like a bell, which means that the roof is concave at the bottom and convex at the top.
• flared roof: A roof with a bell-shaped profile. It is sloped with concave curves at the top, and with convex curves at the bottom.
• Belfast roof: A bowstring roof.
• bow and string: In British usage, same as bowstring, in composition.
• bowstring roof: Also see Belfast roof.
• butterfly roof: A roof having two slopes, each descending inward from the eaves.
• cable net: A lightweight roof structure capable of enclosing large spaces economically. A net of cables is pre-stressed to make it deform to the most efficient shape, calculated by computer.
• catslide roof: In the Southern U.S., a building with a short pitch roof on the side that faces the street and long roof in the back.
• Classical Chinese roofs: Most Chinese roofs had large overhangs that were not just for an artistic effect but also functioned as guard from the rain and sunlight. The quintessentially Chinese gable-and-hip roof with pronounced dragon-spine ridges and upturned flying eaves first appeared during the Han (BC 206 – AD 220) Dynasty.
• collar beam roof: A roof in which rafters are tied together and stiffened by collar beams.
• collar roof: A roof in which rafters are tied together and stiffened by collar beams.
• compass roof: A roof characterized by having curved rafters or tie beams; A roof where the trusses form an arch.
• compass-roof: See roof.
• conical roof: Used in Victorian and Queen-Anne type buildings, has an exterior surface shaped like a cone.
• mukuri-yane: A roof on a traditional Japanese structure which has a convex curvature.
• corrugated roofing: Usually galvanized steel sheets twenty-six inches wide, with two-and-a-half inch corrugations, laid with an end lap of six inches and side lap of two corrugations.
• corrugated steel roofing: A popular type of galvanized roofing, coated with a layer of zinc, which is resistant to rust and therefore does not require painting.
• cottage roof: A roof which has common rafters that rest on wall plates and are joined at their upper ends in a ridge; no principal beams are used.
• couple roof: Also see coupled roof.
• coupled roof: Also see coupled roof.
• cradle roof: A barrel roof.
• cradle-roof: Form of timber roof more or less arched on the underside, as when braces are used.
• curb roof: A pitched roof characterized by two sloping surfaces.
• curb-roof: See roof.
• curbs: A molded or otherwise ornamented edging along the top of the lower slopes of a gambrel or mansard roof.
• domical roof: A roof form with multiple planes having a convex shape so as to resemble a dome.
• double roof: A roof in which longitudinal members, as a ridge beam and purlins, are used as intermediate supports for common rafters. Also called double-framed roof.
• double-framed roof: A roof in which longitudinal members, as a ridge beam and purlins, are used as intermediate supports for common rafters. Also called double-framed roof.
• fluid-applied roofing: A continuous covering for roofs of complex geometry, consisting of an elastomeric material, as neoprene, Hypalon, or butyl rubber, applied in multiple coats with a roller or spray gun and curing to form a continuous membrane.
• entrance roof: Roof covering an entrance, such as to a pole and sapling frame structure.
• equilateral roof: A roof with sides sloping at sixty degrees, forming an equilateral triangle in cross section.
• fan roof: A vaulted roof adorned with fan tracery.
• flared gable roof: A roof with flared rafters that project the roof beyond the wall.
• flat roof: A pitchless roof type most favorable in dry climates.
• sundeck: A deck or flat roof for sun bathing.
• French roof: A mansard roof whose sloping sides are nearly perpendicular.
• asymmetrical gable roof: A gable roof with sloping sides of unequal length.
• catstep: Also see corbiestep.
• cat-step: The step-like decoration along the upper edge of a gable in Flemish, Dutch, Scottish and Art Nouveau designs. The uppermost step is called the crow-stone. See also Ziggurat.
• cavil: Same as gavel.
• center-gable roof: A gable roof with a secondary gable along the side.
• clipped gable: A gable cut back at the peak in a hip-roof form.
• clipped gable roof: A roof where the apex of the gable is cut off and laid back (hipped) toward the ridge.
• closed gable: A gable that spans the opening with a pent, moldings, or ornamental pieces.
• comb roof: A sloping (ridged) roof that terminates at one or both ends in a gable.
• cross gable: Front- and rear-facing gables at right angles to the main axis of an end-gabled building.
• cross gables: Gables set perpendicular to one another.
• cross-gable roof: Front- and rear-facing gables at right angles to the main axis of an end-gabled building.
• cross-gabled: Front- and rear-facing gables at right angles to the main axis of an end-gabled building.
• crow’s-foot: Also see crowfoot.
• cupped gable: A roof form characterized by a clipped, or truncated, gable.
• curvilinear gable: A gable that has multiple curving sides.
• Dutch gable: A masonry gable that extends above the roof as a parapet and is either stepped or given a fanciful curved profile. Also called a Flemish gable.
• Dutch roof: A gable that has multiple curving sides.
• end-gabled: Having the house entry and an eave side facing the street, with gables at the ends.
• factable: Erroneous term for fractable.
• Flemish gable: A gable with stepped and occasionally multicurved sides, derived from 16th-century Netherland prototypes.
• fract table: A decorated gable end carried above the roofline, a coping that covers the slope of the roof and provides an ornamental silhouette. These were very popular in both Dutch and Muslim architecture.
• gable: The triangular section of exterior wall just under the eaves of a double-sloped roof.
• gable board: Same as barge board.
• gable decoration: Decoration beneath the eaves of a gable roof or within a gabled dormer.
• gable end: That end of the house under the peak of a gabled roof.
• gable end jetty: A gable end that projects out slightly from the wall plane of the house.
• gable end pent: In a closed gable roof, a slight pent roof between the closed eaves and just beneath the gable.
• gable ornament: The ornamental trim on the gable of a building; ranges from simple sawn wood or patterned shingle ornamentation to elaborate spindle work.
• gable ornamentation: Ornamentation in the gable that may be of scrolled work, brick, or openwork.
• gable peak: The uppermost point where two planes of a gable meet.
• gable roof: A sloping (ridged) roof that terminates at one or both ends in a gable.
• gable springer: Also see skew block, skew butt.
• gable trim: The ornamental trim on the gable of a building; ranges from simple sawn wood or patterned shingle ornamentation to elaborate spindle work.
• gabled projecting pavilion: A projection from the main mass of a building with a gabled end.
• gabled roof: A type of roof with a gabled end.
• gables: The triangular wall segments at the end of a double pitch or gable roof.
• gablet: A small gable, for example, over a dormer window.
• galbe: In French, the general outline, the exterior proportions and character, especially and primarily, of an architectural or decorative composition. Used in the same sense in English, and expressing an idea covered by no one English word.
• gambrel gable: The gable end of a gambrel shaped roof.
• gavel: Also see gable.
• helm roof: A steeply pitched roof in which four faces rest diagonally between gables and converge at the top.
• hipped gable: A roof having a hipped end truncating a gable. Also called jerkinhead, shreadhead.
• intersecting gable roof: A roof form composed of two straight gables of similar or different sizes, usually intersecting at a right angle.
• jerkin: A roof form characterized by a clipped, or truncated, gable.
• kirizuma-yane: A gabled roof of a traditional Japanese structure; has two sloping sides which are connected at the ridge of the roof.
• mouse tooth gable: Dutch term referring to the infilling in the steps of a crowstep gable. Brick is laid at an angle perpendicular to the slope of the gable within the steps, and the gable is finished off with a smooth brick or stone coping or sill; an adaptation widely used in New Netherlands and Virginia.
• mouse toothing: Dutch term referring to the infilling in the steps of a crowstep gable. Brick is laid at an angle perpendicular to the slope of the gable within the steps, and the gable is finished off with a smooth brick or stone coping or sill; an adaptation widely used in New Netherlands and Virginia.
• mutual gable: In Scottish law, same as party wall. The use of the term should be compared with that of gable wall, the American use applying generally to any side wall, as in a city house, while the Scottish use is limited to the wall which separates two houses.
• offset gable: A roof consisted of both hips and valleys, where the gable is offset from the center of the building.
• open gable: A gable with no connecting elements that span the gable opening.
• parapet gable: That part of a gable-end wall extending above a sloping roof.
• parapeted gable: That part of a gable-end wall extending above a sloping roof.
• pedimented gable: A pent that can turn the gable into a pediment that may be dressed up with windows or left plain.
• pignon-table: Sloping stones of a gable (pignon = ‘a gable end’).
• pinaculum: In ancient Greek or Roman architecture, a roof terminating in a ridge (the ordinary covering for a temple; in contrast, private houses had flat roofs).
• projecting gable: A roof constructed of both hips and valleys, where the gable extends beyond the plane of the main gable.
• pynun-table: Sloping stones of a gable (pignon = ‘a gable end’).
• ridge roof: A pitched roof; the rafters meet at the apex of a ridge; the end view is that of a gable roof.
• saddleback roof: Traditionally a roof with two gables and one ridge, but also a roof (gable or hipped) with two slopes on each side, the outer portion gentler in slope, the inner portion steeper.
• saltbox: A gabled-roof house in which the rear slope is much longer than the front.
• saltbox roof: A gabled-roof house in which the rear slope is much longer than the front.
• shan ch’iang: In traditional Chinese architecture, a gable.
• shaped gable: A gable, each side of which is multicurved.
• shchipets: In early Russian architecture, a gable.
• side gabled: Describing a gable roofed building with the entrance on the eaves wall.
• side-gabled: Having the house entry and an eave side facing the street, with gables at the ends.
• skew butt: See gable springer.
• step gable: See corbie gable.
• stepped gable: The masonry end (usually) that covers a pitched roof’s triangular profile, rising above it in rectilinear steps; a Dutch device that presented itself to the street (English gables ran parallel).
• stepped gable roof: A gable that is stepped, that is, graduated in its rake from the eaves to the ridge.
• zakomara: Semi-circular gable often expressing the vault of a Byzantine church but sometimes merely ornamental.
• zvonnitsa: In early Russian architecture, a bell gable.
• belcast gambrel roof: A gambrel roof with belcast eaves.
• Dutch gambrel: A gambrel roof with flared, lower pitches.
• Dutch gambrel roof: A two-slope roof with short upper slopes and flared lower slopes.
• gambrel: A ridged roof with two slopes on each side, the lower slope having the steeper pitch.
• gambrel roof: A roof having a double slope on two sides of a building.
• gambrel roof with belcast eaves: A gambrel roof with a curve in the slope of a roof at the eaves; used not only because of its aesthetic appeal, but also because it protects the exterior walls from rainwater running off the roof.
• hip gambrel roof: A combination of hip roof and a gambrel roof.
• New England gambrel roof: A two-slope roof with the upper slopes steeper than the lower.
• Swedish gambrel roof: A gambrel roof where the two upper slopes are shallow.
• green roof: Roof of a building with plants growing on it, designed to be environmentally and aesthetically pleasing… A roof composed of several layers including membranes, planting medium, and plants themselves. Provides insulation, limits run off, and prevents heat island effects.
• half span roof: Usually refers to a single-pitch roof that is carried by a higher wall.
• half-span roof: Roofs with a single pitch that is carried on a wall that is higher than the roof.
• hammer-beam roof: A roof supported by hammer beams.
• hexagonal roof: Six-sided roof.
• belcast hip roof: A hip roof with belcast eaves.
• Boston hip: A method of finishing the joint (or hip) of a shingled, slated, or tiled roof through the use of two rows of overlapping shingles or flat tiles.
• Boston hip roof: Also see Boston hip.
• deck-on-hip: A flat roof capping a hip roof.
• Dutch hip roof: A roof formed by four pitched roof surfaces.
• flared hip roof: A hipped roof with flared rafters that cause the roof and eaves to project the roof beyond the wall.
• half-hipped roof: A ridged roof with two slopes on each side, the lower slope having the steeper pitch.
• hip: The sloping ridge formed by the intersection of two adjacent roof planes.
• hip and valley roof: A roof constructed of both hips and valleys. Three common types of hip and valley roofs are the cross gable, the offset gable, and the projecting gable.
• hip bevel: The angle between the two slopes of a roof which are separated one from the other by a hip; or the bevel which must be given to the end of a rafter, so that it will conform to the oblique construction at a hip.
• hip roll: A rounded piece of tile, wood, or metal used to cover, finish, and sometimes add a decorative effect to the ridge or hip of a roof.
• hip roof: A roof having sloping ends and sides meeting at an inclined projecting angle.
• hip roof with belcast eaves: A hipped roof with a curve in the slope of a roof at the eaves; used not only because of its aesthetic appeal, but also because it protects the exterior walls from rainwater running off the roof.
• hip-on-hip roof: A smaller second hipped portion added on to the first hipped roof.
• hipped: Roof with four sloping sides.
• hipped end : Shorter sides of hipped roof that are covered with triangles.
• hipped gabled roof: A type of roof.
• hipped roof: A gabled roof “beveled,” or hipped, at both ends so that it slopes toward the peak from all four sides.
• irimoya-yane: A hipped and gabled roof of a traditional Japanese structure; the upper section is sloped on two sides and the lower section is sloped on all four sides.
• Italian roof: Same as hip roof.
• polygonal hip roof: A roof composed of multiple hips above a round or polygonal building.
• pyramidal hipped roof: A pyramid-shaped roof with four sides of equal slope and shape.
• sateri roof: In Swedish architecture of the 17th and 18th century, a type of hipped roof with vertical breaks which were often provided with windows.
• shichu-yane: Same as yosemune-yane.
• truncated hip roof: A hip roof where the crest is flattened or truncated.
• yosemune-yane: In traditional Japanese architecture, a hipped ridge roof having a sloping rectangular shape on each long side and a sloping triangular shape on each short side.
• gable-on-hip roof: A roof where a smaller gable roof is added on top of a hipped roof.
• hip and gable roof: A roof where a smaller gable roof is added on top of a hipped roof.
• hip roof with gablet: A roof formed by four pitched roof surfaces with a gabled roof superimposed atop.
• intersecting hip-and-gable roof: A roof where a hipped and gable roof intersect.
• Irimoya roof: A hipped and gabled roof found on traditional Japanese buildings.
• hog-backed: Cambered; applied especially to the ridge of a roof, which, if not somewhat so raised in the middle, is apt to look as if it sagged, and is also apt to sag in reality in the course of a few years.
• interlocked roof: A type of roof.
• jenkins-head roof: A gabled roof with its apex truncated by a small hipped roof.
• jerkin head: A roof form characterized by a clipped, or truncated, gable.
• jerkin head roof: A type of roof.
• jerkinhead: A roof form characterized by a clipped, or truncated, gable.
• jerkin-head gable: A roof form characterized by a clipped, or truncated, gable.
• jerkinhead roof: A roof having a sloping (hipped) end cutting off a gable.
• sheadhead: A roof form characterized by a clipped, or truncated, gable.
• shread head: Same as jerkin head.
• shreadhead: Also see jerkinhead.
• Lamella roof: A combination of arch and short-timber network, patented in 1925 by a German engineer; used for roof framing of large enclosures.
• lean-to roof: Usually refers to a single-pitch roof that is carried by a higher wall.
• concave mansard roof: A mansard roof where the slope is curved in to create a bulging look.
• convex mansard roof: A mansard roof where the slope is curved out to create a bulging look.
• mansard: A roof with two slopes on each of its four sides – a steep and nearly vertical slope on the outside and a gentle nearly flat slope on the top.
• mansard roof: A roof having on each side a steeper lower part and a shallower upper part.
• straight-sided mansard roof: A mansard roof that is steeply pitched on the sides to be straight or almost straight in appearance.
• batten seam: A seam in metal roofing which is formed around a wood strip.
• lock seam: A joint between two pieces of sheet metal, made by folding up the adjoining edges against each other, folding them over, and flattening the interlock.
• roll seam: A joint between two pieces of sheet metal in the direction of fall of a curved or sloping roof, made by turning up the adjoining edges against each other, then bending them around to form a cylindrical roll.
• seam: A sheet-metal joint.
• standing seam: The joint of two sheets of metal roofing formed by turning and folding, or the metal roofing itself.
• monitor: A raised construction straddling the ridge of a roof, having windows or louvers for lighting or ventilating a building.
• monitor roof: A type of roof.
• semimonitor roof: A roof with only one raised structure that straddles the ridge and provides lights or louvers for the interior.
• multiple roof: A roof consisting of a combination of roof forms. This roof type is a commonly seen feature on Queen Anne style houses.
• multiple roof form: A building featuring multiple roof forms.
• ogee roof: A roof whose section is an ogee.
• bochka: In early Russian architecture, a wooden roof whose peak has the shape of a horizontal cylinder with the upper side surface extended into a pointed ridge.
• kub: A type of roof structure on an early Russian wooden building which is square in plan; constructed of wood, it has four identical faces, with a profile similar to a squared-off onion dome. Also see kubovatoye pokrytiye.
• kubovatoye pokrytiye: Also see kubovatoye pokrytiye.
• lukovitsa: In early Russian architecture, an onion dome.
• open roof: Also see open-timbered roof.
• open-timbered roof: Also see open roof.
• pagoda roof: Also see pagoda roof.
• pagoda-like roof: Also see pagoda roof.
• hyperbolic paraboloid roof: A roof in the form of a double-curved shell.
• avant-corps: That part of a building which projects prominently from the main mass, e.g. a pavilion.
• casita: Small pavilion resembling a loggia.
• chatri: In India, a pavilion.
• chavada: In western India, a pavilion.
• chung lou: A structure which houses a bell; either a pavilion or a tower located at the right side of an entrance court of a Chinese temple or shrine, or at the right side of a city gate or palace entrance.
• fishing-house: Waterside pavilion, often with architectural pretensions, from which persons could fish….
• gloriette: Eye-catcher, or pavilion in a garden from which views may be enjoyed…
• kiosk: A small pavilion, such as a garden shelter, newsstand, or public toilet.
• kiosque: A small pavilion, such as a garden shelter, newsstand, or public toilet.
• kuang t’a: See pang k’o lou.
• mirador: In Spanish architecture and derivatives, a lookout, whether of an independent structure, a bay window, or a roof pavilion.
• pang k’o lou: In China, a pavilion in a Muslim temple (located in the middle or at one corner of a courtyard) which functions as a minaret. In Sinkiang province, similar to the minarets of the Middle East. Also called kuang t’a.
• pavilion roof: A hipped roof with equal sides and relatively short ridges that come to a point.
• peaked roof: A roof rising either to a point or a ridge.
• praetorium: Also see pretorium.
• pretorium: Also see praetorium.
• tchahar taq: Square open pavilion in Sassanian architecture (A.D. 224-651), composed of four columns with four arches supporting a dome, mostly over an altar.
• tetrakionion: An aedicula or pavilion supported by four columns.
• t’ing: Chinese pavilion, roofed, but with no walls…
• Turkish tent: Mid-18th c. exotic garden-fabrique, of which Keene’s pavilion, Painshill, Surrey is a celebrated example…
• pent roof: A short sloping roof attached to the wall over the door and windows, to throw off rain and snow.
• penthouse: A secondary, shed-roofed structure added against the main house. Also a modern rooftop or top-floor residence. 2. A structure housing elevator machinery on the roof of a building.
• penthouse roof: A type of roof.
• double-pitched roof: A type of roof.
• pitched roof: A roof having one or more slopes.
• hogyo-yane: In a traditional Japanese structure, a roof which is pyramidal in shape; usually has four sides which join at the top, but may also have six or eight sides; has no ridgepole.
• pyramid roof: A hipped roof with equal sides and relatively short ridges that come to a point.
• pyramidal roof: A hipped roof with equal sides and relatively short ridges that come to a point.
• shater: In early Russian architecture, a roof which is steeply pyramidal in shape, having four or more sides.
• shatrovoye pokrytiye: In early Russian architecture, a roof which is steeply pyramidal in shape, having four or more sides.
• rainbow roof: A slightly convex roof.
• saddle roof: Also see saddleback roof.
• saddle-backed: Sloping equally on either side from a ridge.
• sawtooth roof: A type of roof.
• saw-tooth roof: A type of roof.
• chajja: Weather shade of a Hindu temple.
• kishoni: The uncovered shade erected by the Moki Indians in their fields…
• aponsa: A shed roof having rafters that are let into or rest upon a wall.
• lean-to: A shed-like structure, usually with a sloping roof, attached to another building.
• pent: A small shed roof attached to the wall of a house without brackets.
• pentice: A small shed roof attached to the wall of a house without brackets.
• shed: A roof having only one sloping plane.
• shed roof: A roof consisting of one inclined plane. Unlike a lean-to roof, a shed roof need not be carried by a higher wall (i.e., it may serve as the primary roof form for a building).
• shed-roof: Lean-to or monopitch roof abutting a higher element, as in the case of an aisle-roof and a clerestory.
• single-pitch roof: Also see shed roof.
• kokera-buki: In traditional Japanese roof construction, a roof covering composed of wood shingles, used in multiple layers.
• single framed roof: Also see single framed roof.
• skirt roof: A false roof between stories of a building.
• skirt-roof: A false roof between stories of a building.
• specialty roof: A roof that relies on its geometry for design effects. They may top off an unusual form and yet look integrated and logical – that is, they may look like they grew out of the tower. At other times they may separated visually and declare their individuality. In either case they are intended as relief against the mass of the main building…
• sun shelter: A projecting horizontal member to provide protection from the sun to the area below.
• tent roof: A roof used to cap a small tower or turret. Normally has six sides meeting at a point.
• altana: Loggia, covered roof-terrace, or belvedere, common in medieval Venice and Renaissance Rome.
• azotea: In Spanish architecture, the terrace or platform on the roof of a house.
• gulbishche: In early Russian architecture, a terrace which surrounds a building.
• heliakon: A sun terrace.
• pida: In the architecture of India, a receding terraced roof, terminating the mukhashala or jagamohan.
• solaria: In ancient architecture, a terrace on the top of a house built with a flat roof, or over a porch, surrounded by a parapet wall but open to the sky.
• terrace: An open, often paved area connected to a house or building and serving as an outdoor living area, or a row of houses or residential street on or near the top of a slope.
• terrace roof: A pitched roof with a truncated (flattened) top instead of a ridge.
• tin roof : Binds the roof together into a single form with color, reflected light, and seam patterns as ornamental effects.
• tin roofing: Metal roofing made of tin plan. Tin plate is made of sheet steel dipped in molten tin.
• trough-roof: Ceiling like an inverted trough, a term used by Street et al. Also called trough-vault.
• cut roof: A pitched roof with a truncated (flattened) top instead of a ridge.
• truncated roof: A pitched roof with a truncated (flattened) top instead of a ridge.
• wagon: Term used to describe a curved shape, like a wagon-roof.
• wagon roof: Also see barrel vault.
• whaleback: A slightly convex roof.
• whaleback roof: A slightly convex roof.
• Y form roof: A type of roof.

skin / roof / structure

• iron cresting: A decorative ornament along the top of a roof. Iron cresting was popular in the Baroque era and also in Italianate, Victorian, Second Empire and Queen Anne styles of architecture.
• ridge ornament: A cresting following the ridge of a roof often elaborately molded or having floral ornamentation of pottery or of lead over an iron skeleton.
• conch: Quarter-spherical cupola or dome over an apse or niche. 2. Pendentive. 3. Shell motif over a niche, etc.
• cupolated: Having one or more cupolas, or formed like a cupola or series of cupolas.
• fonar: In early Russian architecture, a type of lantern consisting of a cupola having many small windows.
• glukhaya glava: In early Russian architecture, a blind cupola.
• intercupola: The space between two cupolas. 2. The space between two shells of a cupola…
• makovitsa: In early Russian architecture, a small cupola. 2. In early Russian architecture, any type of crowning.
• eaves ladder: A ladder affixed to the roof providing access to features on the roof such as the chimney.
• lanthorn: A small structure on a roof or dome with windows or openings for the admittance of light.
• lightning rod: An electric conductor projecting above a tower or roof ridge and leading to a ground, to divert lightning.
• alcoran: Also see minaret.
• alkoran: Minarets of a mosque.
• alkoranes: Minarets of a mosque.
• manara: Same as minaret.
• almena: A turret or pinnacle. 2. An indented battlement, usually trapezoidal, found in the south and east of Europe.
• finial: An ornament at the top of a spire, gable or pinnacle.
• guldasta: In Indian architecture, a pinnacle.
• kalsa: Hindu term for the pinnacle on a dome.
• obelisk-like pinnacle: A pinnacle with the shape of an obelisk.
• spirelet: A small spire as of a pinnacle or turret.
• azothea: Also see azothea.
• ice dam: A buildup of snow and ice along the eave of a sloping roof.
• roof guard: A device to check snow from sliding off a pitched roof.
• snow bird: One of a number of elements, often decorative, attached to a roof in a regular pattern to prevent snow from sliding off the slope.
• snow board: A continuous board secured at the foot of a roof slope to serve as a snow guard.
• snow guard: Any device used to prevent snow from siding off a sloped roof, or prevent snow from sliding down and clogging gutters. Snow guards in the form of a loop of wire are often called snow hooks; ones in the form of small wooden rails, or cleats, are sometimes called snow gratings.
• snow hooks: Any device used to prevent snow from siding off a sloped roof, or prevent snow from sliding down and clogging gutters. Snow guards in the form of a loop of wire are often called snow hooks; ones in the form of small wooden rails, or cleats, are sometimes called snow gratings.
• flèche: Slender wooden spire rising from a roof. The word is French for “arrow.”
• Hertfordshire spike: Also see needle spire.
• sorin: The crowning spire on a Japanese pagoda; usually made of bronze.
• crown steeple: A decorative termination of a tower or turret, resembling a crown.
• rood steeple: Same as rood spire.
• steeple: The main vertical feature of a church, comprising both the tower and the spire or other superstructure.
• bartisan: A turret for a flagstaff. 2. A turret projecting from a corner of a tower or of a parapet.
• conical broach: Also see turret.
• domed turret: A type of turret.
• paris turret: A small turret built over a church porch; often occupied as a library or study.
• parvis turret: A small turret built over a church porch; often occupied as a library or study.
• pepperbox turret: A turret circular in plan and with some form of conical or domical roof.
• pepperpot: Small circular turret or tourelle with a conical roof, called a pepperbox turret.
• poivrière: Corner-turret resembling a pepperpot.
• turette: A small turret.
• turrelum: A low Latin term for turret.
• turrer: A small, slender tower usually at the corner of a building, often containing a circular stair.
• turriculated: Describing a building in which the characteristic feature is a row of turrets.
• banner vane: Also see banneret.
• banneret: Also see banneret.
• phane: Old term for vane.
• vane: A metal ornament located atop a pinnacle, spire, or other elevated spot on a building; often rotates freely to indicate wind direction.
• weather vane: Also see vane.
• weathercock: A vane; especially a vane in the form of a cock, as an emblem of vigilance, often associated with a horizontal cross bearing on the ends of its arms the letters N., S., E., and W., to denote the points of the compass.
• weathervane: A pivoting roof ornament to show wind direction.
• captain’s walk: See widow’s walk.
• roof gallery: See widow’s walk.
• widow’s walk: A walkway or narrow platform on a roof, especially on early New England homes with a view of the sea.

Also see Architecture index.