material / glass / glass
material / glass / mirror
material / glass / panel
material / glass / property
material / glass / stained glass
- acoustical glass: Laminated or insulating glass used for sound control.
- actinic glass: Glass designed to filter out the actinic rays from daylight.
- annealed glass: Glass that is cooled slowly to relieve internal stresses.
- aventurine: Glass (or glazes) containing colored spangles of nonglassy material.
- bent glass: Glass formed by heating the mass to a plastic state and then allowing it to sag into a mold; all detail work must be done before the glass is heated.
- beveled glass: Pieces of glass that have been cut on a slant along their edges; the cut is called a bevel.
- brilliant cut: After fogging a piece of glass by sandblasting or by using acid, a design is cut into the surface and subsequently polished so as to give off a “brilliant” luster.
- bullet-proof glass: A lamination of thin sheets cemented together under heat and pressure, usually three layers of glass and two of the colorless binding material. Shatter-proof glass is similar but with fewer and thinner laminations.
- butted glass: Glass sheets, as in a shopfront, where there is no mullion and the glass, necessarily thicker, meets its neighbor with a joint filled with silicone (plastic). Great transparency results.
- Carrara glass: Pigmented structural glass (commonly black) with a reflective finish, used commonly in the 1930s and 1940s.
- case glass: Also see case glass, overlay glass.
- cased glass: Also see case glass, overlay glass.
- cathedral glass: Sheet glass with a lightly hammered surface, used in ecclesiastical work and also in other locations where an obscure glass is wanted.
- chipped glass: Glass that exhibits an uneven, frosted appearance. It is manufactured by coating the surface with glue and then heating; heating causes the glue to chip off, each chip taking a sliver of glass with it.
- colored glass: Also see colored glass.
- crown glass: Glass blown into large, circular discs, afterwards out to the desired rectangular or other shape.
- curved window glass: Glass in a window with a curvature to conform with the curved frame that it is set within.
- cut glass: Glass shaped or decorated through a process of grinding and polishing; the finished product often appears prismatic.
- cylinder glass: Forming molten glass into a cylinder, dividing it lengthwise, and flattening it.
- double-strength glass: Sheet glass having a thickness of 1/18 inch (3.2 mm).
- drawn glass: Drawing the molten glass from a furnace.
- etched glass: A decorative technique involves coating the glass surface with a resist material (such as beeswax), cutting a design into the coating, and then applying acid (which reacts only to the areas in which the resist material has been removed). Very fine details are possible through this technique.
- figured glass: Glass having an irregular surface pattern formed in the rolling process to obscure vision or to diffuse light.
- figured rolled glass: A flat glass in which vision is more or less obscured by patternwork. This type of glass is manufactured by rolling or impressing a decorative design in one surface of the sheet.
- flashed glass: A type of multi-layered glass in which at least one layer is either iridescent or colored.
- float glass: A flat, soda-lime-silica glass that is extremely smooth and nearly distortion-free, manufactured by pouring molten glass onto a surface of molten tin and allowing it to cool slowly. Float glass is the successor to plate glass and accounts for the majority of flat-glass production.
- glass: A hard, brittle, usually transparent or translucent substance, produced by fusing silica together with a flux and a stabilizer into a mass that cools to a rigid condition without crystallization.
- glass brick: A solid impact-resistant glass block unit, sometimes having an insert or coated to reduce solar heat transmission.
- glue chip glass: Glass that exhibits an uneven, frosted appearance. It is manufactured by coating the surface with glue and then heating; heating causes the glue to chip off, each chip taking a sliver of glass with it.
- ground glass: Glass made obscure by grinding the surface.
- heat-absorbing glass: Glass having a chemical admixture to absorb a portion of the radiant heat and visible light that strike it. Iron oxide gives the glass a pale blue-green tint; cobalt oxide and nickel imparts a grayish tint; selenium infuses a bronze tint.
- heat-strengthened glass: Annealed glass that is partially tempered by a process of reheating and sudden cooling. Heat-strengthened glass has about twice the strength of annealed glass of the same thickness.
- Herculite: Trade name for a specially tempered, thick plate glass, usually used for doors without enframement.
- insulating glass: A glass unit consisting of two or more sheets of glass separated by hermetically-sealed airspaces.
- jewel: A boss of glass in a leaded window.
- lalique: A type of French glass that has low-relief designs. The designs are molded, pressed, and then engraved on the glass.
- laminated glass: Two or more piles of flat glass bonded under heat and pressure to interlayers of polyvinyl butyral resin that retains the fragments if the glass is broken. Also called safety glass.
- libbey glass: A 19th century glass company specializing in cut glass.
- light: A pane of glass, as in a window light, or the whole sash, as in a skylight. 2. Electromagnetic radiation that the unaided human eye can perceive, having a wavelength in the range from about 370 to 800 nm and propagating at a speed of 186,281 mi/sec (299,972 km/sec).
- lights: A pane of glass, as in a window light, or the whole sash, as in a skylight.
- low-e glass: Glass that transmits visible light while selectively reflecting the longer wavelengths of radiant heat, produced by depositing a low-emissivity coating either on the glass itself or over a transparent plastic film suspended in the sealed air space of insulating glass.
- low-emissivity glass: Glass that transmits visible light while selectively reflecting the longer wavelengths of radiant heat, produced by depositing a low-emissivity coating either on the glass itself or over a transparent plastic film suspended in the sealed air space of insulating glass. Also called low-e glass.
- lustre glass: An iridescent glass, of the type made by Tiffany in the United States
- medallions: A small disc of glass as used in leaded windows.
- obscure glass: Glass having one or both sides acid-etched or sandblasted to obscure vision.
- opalescent glass: A milky glass of mixed streaky colors.
- patterned glass: Glass having an irregular surface pattern formed in the rolling process to obscure vision or to diffuse light. Also called figured glass.
- pigmented structural glass: The dramatic growth and popularization of the early 20th century Art Deco and Moderne architectural styles were fueled, in part, by technological advances in the building materials industry. New products, such as stainless steel and plastics, enlarged the realm of architectural design. The more traditional materials, on the other hand, quickly developed fresh, innovative forms and uses. For example, the architectural glass industry became especially creative, introducing a series of new glass products known as structural glass. Used predominately for wall surfacing, these now familiar products included glass building blocks, reinforced plate glass, and pigmented structural glass. Examples of pigmented structural glass are: Carrara Glass, Sani Onyx (or Rox), and Vitrolite.
- plate glass: A flat, soda-lime-silica glass formed by rolling molten glass into a plate that is subsequently ground and polished after cooling.
- plate-glass: High-quality, strong, thick glass cast in sheets and polished, widely available after the 1830s.
- pot metal: Glass colored throughout its substance while melted.
- prism glass: Glass designed to change the direction of light rays by refraction.
- prism light: Prisms of glass, either made separately and set collectively in iron frames for pavement lights, or made connectedly in sheets and placed vertically or at an angle in or over window openings, or the like. The angles of the prisms are so adjusted as to intercept the rays of light from the sky, and to direct them into rooms otherwise imperfectly illuminated.
- quarrel: A small piece of glass or tile, usually square- or diamond-shaped; often set diagonally.
- quarry glass: A small diamond-shaped pane of glass, typically used in leaded windows.
- quartz glass: Pure quartz transmitting the ultraviolet rays of daylight which are beneficial to health.
- reflective glass: Glass having a thin, translucent metallic coating bonded to the exterior or interior surface to reflect a portion of the light and radiant heat that strike it.
- ripple glass: Texture that has the appearance of ripples that is applied to hot glass sheets with an embossed roller. Sheet of textured glass with marked surface waves. Louis Comfort Tiffany made use of such textured glass to represent, for example, water or leaf veins.
- rolled and figured glass: A flat glass in which vision is more or less obscured by patternwork. This type of glass in manufactured by rolling or impressing a decorative design in one surface of the sheet.
- rolled figured glass: A flat glass in which vision is more or less obscured by patternwork. This type of glass in manufactured by rolling or impressing a decorative design in one surface of the sheet.
- rolled glass: Rolling molten glass into a plate.
- rondel: A circular piece of window glass.
- rondelles: A small disc of glass as used in leaded windows.
- safety glass: Two or more piles of flat glass bonded under heat and pressure to interlayers of polyvinyl butyral resin that retains the fragments if the glass is broken.
- sand-blast glass: Glass in which the surface is dulled to a smooth and milky finish through sandblasting; designs are possible by blasting sand over a stencil.
- sandblasted glass: Glass in which the surface is dulled to a smooth and milky finish through sandblasting; designs are possible by blasting sand over a stencil.
- security glass: Laminated glass having exceptional tensile and impact strength, consisting of multiple piles of glass bonded under heat and pressure to interlayers of polyvinyl butyral resin.
- shatter-proof glass: Also see bullet-proof glass.
- sheet glass: A flat, transparent, relatively thin glass having glossy fire finished surfaces that exhibit a characteristic waviness when viewed at an acute angle. The manufacturing process involves hand or machine blowing and drawing into sheets (or into cylinders that are then flattened).
- sheet-glass: See glass.
- single-strength glass: Sheet glass having a thickness of 3/32 inch (2.4 mm).
- solar glass: Tinted glass to reduce glare from sunlight.
- spandrel glass: An opaque glass for concealing the structural elements in curtain wall construction, produced by fusing a ceramic frit to the interior surface of tempered or heat-strengthened glass.
- structural glass: Cast glass in squares or rectangles, 1″ to 2″ thick, sometimes laid up between concrete ribs, frequently as tile. Larger units are made in hollow or vacuum blocks. The wide use of the product is in colored and polished sheets for interior wall surfacing.
- tempered glass: Annealed glass that is reheated to just below the softening point and then rapidly cooled to induce compressive stresses in the surfaces and edges of the glass and tensile stresses in the interior. Tempered glass has three to five times the resistance of annealed glass to impact and thermal stresses but cannot be altered after fabrication. When fractured, it breaks into relatively harmless particles.
- tinted glass: Glass having a chemical admixture to absorb a portion of the radiant heat and visible light that strike it. Iron oxide gives the glass a pale blue-green tint; cobalt oxide and nickel imparts a grayish tint; selenium infuses a bronze tint. Also called heat-absorbing glass.
- Vitrolite: Pigmented structural glass (commonly black) with a reflective finish, used commonly in the 1930s and 1940s.
- wire glass: Polished or figured glass with a core of wire mesh; used where security is a consideration.
- Claude-glass: Miniature dark or colored convex hand-mirror, named after Claude Gellée, used to reflect landscapes in mellow tones, without detail or color…
- mirror: A reflecting surface so perfect that objects can be seen reproduced in it; especially, in architectural practice, a sheet of glass silvered on one side… 2. A panel surrounded by a molded or otherwise ornamented frame, and suggesting the idea of a mirror…
- mirrored panels: Mirrored panels used on walls to organize the elevations into rectangular units to make a hard mirror finish.
- pier glass: A tall, narrow mirror hung between two windows.
- Carrara glass panels: In 1900, the Marietta Manufacturing Company claimed to be the first producer of pigmented structural glass, rolling the first sheet of a “substitute for marble,” Sani Onyx. The company advertised “Sani-Onyx” as an easy-to-clean, germ-free surface.
- glass panels: Decoration composed of glass, often applied to the outer face of a building.
- annealing: Slow cooling of heated glass or metal to decrease brittleness.
- glass size: The size of a glass pane or unit required for glazing an opening, allowing for adequate edge clearances.
- shading coefficient: The ratio of solar heat transmission through a particular glass to the solar heat transmission through double-strength clear glass.
material / glass / stained glass
- art glass: Hand-crafted stained glass. Used on the borders of cottage windows, or smaller pieces assembled to create naturalistic or geometric designs in fixed windows or as the head portion of a large window.
- grisaille: A system of painting in grey tints of various shades; used either for decoration or to represent objects, as in relief. 2. A stained glass window executed according to this method.
- grisaille stained glass: Window or panel or ornamental designs, composed almost exclusively of uncolored glass in which the designs are created by the black leads alone or with the addition of paint and silver stain (below).
- insets: Stained glass meant for decorative purposes, often over a movable window.
- plating: In stained glass work, the lining or doubling of one piece of colored glass by another piece with the purpose of modifying it color or diminishing its intensity.
- stained glass: Originating in the Gothic period, stained glass was used in the windows of churches and later houses as an illuminating decorative element. The glass is colored by an infusion of metallic oxide or by burning pigment into the surface. The metal holding the glass in place is called the muntin.
- stained glass window: A window composed partially or completely of panes of colored glass.
- stained-glass window: A window whose glass is colored.
- vitrail: Glass in windows, particularly stained glass.
Also see Architecture index.