function / recreation and culture / monument/marker
function / recreation and culture / museum
function / recreation and culture / outdoor recreation
function / recreation and culture / theater
function / recreation and culture /
function / recreation/culture / pavilion
function / recreation/culture / wellhouse
function / recreation/culture

• Akropolis: Fortified citadel in Greek cities. “The Acropolis” usually refers to the one in Athens.
• aquarium: A container or building for the display of fish in water.
• arenarium: Also see arenaria.
• avant-corps: That part of a building which projects prominently from the main mass, e.g. a pavilion.
• baignoire: A box in a theatre in the lowest tier.
• band shell: A bandstand supplies with a sounding board of shell shape.
• band-stand: Platform or open-sided pavilion, often polygonal, where a band of musicians can play in a public park.
• baradari: Hall with twelve entrances in Muslim India. 2. Palace, but more often applied to a garden pavilion which, after the death of its builder, became a mausoleum. Also see baradari, barahdari.
• barahdari: Hall with twelve entrances in Muslim India. 2. Palace, but more often applied to a garden pavilion which, after the death of its builder, became a mausoleum. Also see baradari, barahdari.
• barahdurri: Hall with twelve entrances in Muslim India. 2. Palace, but more often applied to a garden pavilion which, after the death of its builder, became a mausoleum. Also see baradari, barahdari.
• casita: Small pavilion resembling a loggia.
• catadrome: An ancient racecourse of any type; for chariots, for horses, or for men.
• cenotaph: A monument to the memory of a person buried elsewhere.
• chatri: In India, a pavilion.
• chavada: In western India, a pavilion.
• choragic monument: In ancient Greece, a commemorative structure, erected by the successful leader in the competitive choral dances in a Dionysiac festival, upon which was displayed the bronze tripod received as a prize; such monument sometimes were further ornamented by renowned artists.
• chung lou: A structure which houses a bell; either a pavilion or a tower located at the right side of an entrance court of a Chinese temple or shrine, or at the right side of a city gate or palace entrance.
• circus: In ancient Rome, a large, open-top enclosure in which sport contests were held before an audience seated in tiers, these tiers being rounded at one end.
• coliseum: Also see colosseum.
• colosseum: Also see coliseum.
• conisterium: In ancient Greece and Rome, a room appended to a gymnasium or palaestra in which wrestlers were sprinkled with sand or dust after having been anointed with oil.
• cromlech: A monument of prehistoric or uncertain date consisting of an enclosure formed by huge stones planted in the ground in a circle. 2. A dolmen.
• ephebeion: Greek term for a building for exercise and wrestling.
• ephebeum: A room for gymnastics in classical public baths.
• exhibition building: In a special sense, a building erected for a temporary exhibition of considerable importance…
• fishing-house: Waterside pavilion, often with architectural pretensions, from which persons could fish….
• gloriette: Eye-catcher, or pavilion in a garden from which views may be enjoyed…
• grandstand: Sheltered seating for the spectators of racing games, and the like.
• grand stand: Sheltered seating for the spectators of racing games, and the like.
• Greek theatre: An open-air theatre constructed by the ancient Greeks; usually built on a hillside, with no outside façade. The orchestra, on which the actors and chorus performed, was a full circle; behind it was the skene, a temporary or permanent building for the actors’ use. In the classic theatre, the seating area (around and facing the orchestra) usually occupied approximately three-fifths of a circle. Also see Roman theatre.
• hammam: An establishment for bathing in the Oriental way, with steam rooms, etc.; a Turkish bath.
• hemicycle: A semicircular arena. 2. A room or division of a room in the form of a semicircle. 3. A semicircular recess.
• hippodrome: The Greek term for a racecourse for horses and chariots; much wider than the Roman circus in which only four chariots ran at a time; the Greeks raced as many as ten or more.
• hua piao: A monumental stone pylon at the entrance of a Chinese palace; a symbol of welcome.
• hummum: Also see hammam.
• hypermensul: A “sun-stone” placed at the center of a Celtic monument consisting of a number of menhirs arranged in a circle.
• hyposcenium: In the ancient Greek theatre, the low wall beneath the front part of the logeion.
• kiosk: A small pavilion, such as a garden shelter, newsstand, or public toilet.
• kiosque: A small pavilion, such as a garden shelter, newsstand, or public toilet.
• ku lou: In traditional Chinese architecture, a drum house; a structure that houses a large drum, either a pavilion or a tower located at the left side of an entrance court of temples and shrines, or at the left side of a city gate or palace entrance.
• maenhir: Also see menhir.
• mastaba: The battered (sloping-walled) tomb buildings of early Egyptian nobles subordinate to the pyramids that they surrounded.
• megalith: A stone of great size, as in prehistoric remains such as Stonehenge in England.
• Megaliths: Large monumental stone structures (e.g. Stonehenge) and tombs (e.g. Newgrange) often embellished with abstract patterns of megalithic art.
• menhir: A prehistoric monument consisting of a single large standing stone, sometimes rudely sculptured.
• mensao: Also see menhir.
• meta: In a racetrack, a column or monument to mark a turn.
• metae: In a racetrack, a column or monument to mark a turn.
• mirador: In Spanish architecture and derivatives, a lookout, whether of an independent structure, a bay window, or a roof pavilion.
• monument: A permanent natural or artificial object marking the corners and boundaries of real property or establishing the location of a triangulation or other important survey station. 2. A stone, pillar, megalith, structure, building, or the like, erected in memory of the dead, an event, or an action.
• museum: A building for the preservation and public inspection of rare and instructive objects.
• naumachy: Also see naumachia.
• ninepin alley: Also see bowling alley.
• observatory: A structure in which astronomical observations are carried out. 2. A place, such as an upper room which affords a wide view; a lookout.
• odeion: A small ancient Greek or Roman theatre, usually roofed, for musical performances.
• odeon: Also see odeum.
• odeum: Also see odeum.
• palaestra: A Greek or Roman building for athletic training, smaller than a gymnasium, consisting of a large square court with colonnades, rooms for massage, baths, etc. 2. A part of an ancient Roman villa which was specially fitted for the purpose of active games and exercises.
• palestra: A Greek or Roman building for athletic training, smaller than a gymnasium, consisting of a large square court with colonnades, rooms for massage, baths, etc. 2. A part of an ancient Roman villa which was specially fitted for the purpose of active games
• pang k’o lou: In China, a pavilion in a Muslim temple (located in the middle or at one corner of a courtyard) which functions as a minaret. In Sinkiang province, similar to the minarets of the Middle East. Also called kuang t’a.
• periaktos: In an ancient Greek theatre, one of the two pieces of machinery placed on both sides of the stage for shifting scenes. Consisted of three painted scenes on the faces of a revolving frame in the form of a triangular prism. The scene was changed by turning one periaktos or both, so as to exhibit a new face to the audience.
• pinakothek: A building for the exhibition of paintings, the term having been put to use in Munich to denote the two important picture galleries know, respectively, as the New and the Old Pinakothek.
• pleasure-house: Summer-house or other building used solely for pleasure.
• plunge: A small swimming pool.
• pool: A swimming pool; a garden pool.
• postscenium: In the ancient theatre, the rooms behind the stage where the actors dressed and where machines were stored. 2. The back part of the stage of a theatre, behind the scenes.
• praecinctio: In the ancient Roman theatre, a walkway between the lower and upper tiers of seats, running parallel to the rows of seats.
• precinctio: Also see praecinctio.
• processional way: A monumental roadway for ritual processions in ancient cities, e.g. Babylon.
• pylon: A truncated pyramidal form characteristic of Egyptian monumental architecture, where it was used largely in gateways.
• racquet court: A court or area in which the game of racquet or racquets is played; also written raquet and racket.
• recital hall: A hall intended for the giving of concerts with a few performers, soloists, quartettes, and the like.
• recreation pier: A waterside pier or wharf, part of which is set apart for open air recreation and entertainment. In the eastern U.S. such piers have usually two stories and a roof, the lower story, level with the street, being used for wharfage, and the upper part open to the public.
• riding house: A structure specifically designed for teaching the skill of horse riding.
• rink: An enclosed space with a floor adapted to ice skating or roller skating.
• rostra: The stage in the Roman Forum from which the orators addressed the people.
• scaena: The back scene in a classical theatre.
• scena: Also see scaena.
• siparium: In an ancient Roman theatre, a piece of tapestry, stretched on a frame, which served as a drop scene; it was depressed below the level of the stage when the play began and raised when the play ended. 2. A folding screen serving a similar function.
• sphaeristerium: In ancient Rome, an enclosed place or structure for ball playing, usually attached to a gymnasium or a set of baths.
• Stonehenge: Megalithic remains on Salisbury Plain, England.
• swimming bath: An artificial pool, tank, or basin of water, either open to the sky or covered, intended for bathing, particularly for swimmers…
• swimming pool: An artificial pool for recreational swimming.
• tchahar taq: Square open pavilion in Sassanian architecture (A.D. 224-651), composed of four columns with four arches supporting a dome, mostly over an altar.
• tenpin alley: See bowling alley.
• tetrakionion: An aedicula or pavilion supported by four columns.
• theologeion: A small upper stage or balcony in the stage structure of the ancient theatre, on which persons representing divinities sometimes appeared and spoke.
• thymele : In the orchestra of an ancient Greek theatre, a small altar dedicated to Bacchus; usually at the center of the orchestra circle and marked by a white stone.
• t’ing: Chinese pavilion, roofed, but with no walls…
• tlatchtli: In ceremonial centers in Mesoamerica, an I-shaped ritual ball court.
• Tower of Babel: A temple-tower presumed to be the great ziggurat at Babylon, which no longer survives…
• trilith: A monument, or part of a monument, consisting of three large stones; especially one in prehistoric antiquity consisting of two upright stones with a lintel stone resting upon them as at Stonehenge.
• trilithon: A monument, or part of a monument, consisting of three large stones; especially one in prehistoric antiquity consisting of two upright stones with a lintel stone resting upon them as at Stonehenge.
• tropaeum: A monument erected on the spot where there had been a military victory or, in the case of naval warfare, on the nearest point of land to the place where the action had taken place.
• tropaion: A monument erected on the spot where there had been a military victory or, in the case of naval warfare, on the nearest point of land to the place where the action had taken place.
• Turkish tent: Mid-18th c. exotic garden-fabrique, of which Keene’s pavilion, Painshill, Surrey is a celebrated example…
• well house: A small house or pavilion built over a well.
• ziggurat: A tiered temple from the Egyptian, Sumerian, or Babylonian times that had a pyramidal look to it. This shape was popular during the Art Deco era in buildings such as the Chrysler building.
• zoo: Open-air enclosed area for keeping, displaying, studying, and breeding animals. The type is ancient, for animals were kept in gardens in Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China for purposes of providing game for hunting, food, and impressing visitors. Menageries to show off species discovered in explorations were developed from Renaissance times, but the animals were caged rather than allowed the freedom of open-air habitats, and in the 18th c. royal menageries were opened to the public… In the 20th c., with concerns about conservation and improved knowledge about animals’ welfare, natural habitats were created, so the modern zoo promotes horticulture to provide them.

Also see Architecture index.